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References 445 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. . Stapledon, Star Maker, 290. . Steven Weinberg, The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe, Glasgow, William Collins, 1977, 148. . Davies, Are We Alone?, 128. . Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Cosmic Life Force, New York, Paragon, 1990, 143, originally published in the United Kingdom by Dent in 1988. . Sagan, Pale Blue Dot, 403. The Fromm quote is from Richard Lewontin, “The Wars Over Evolution,’ The New York Review of Books, 20 October 2005. . Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, Cosmic Life Force, 143. . Olaf Stapledon, “Interplanetary Man?” JBIS, Vol. 7 (1948), 213-224. .D. Bernal, The World, The Flesh, and the Devil, London, Jonathan Cape, 1970, 74, originally published in 1929. Bernal, 11. .M. Roberts, 36, 286. Seielstad, 278. Seielstad, 240, 272. M. Mautner and G.L. Matloff, “Directed Panspermia: A Technical and Ethical Evaluation of Seeding Nearby Solar Systems,” JBIS, Vol. 32 (1979), 419-423. Also see Michael N. Mautner, “Life in the Cosmological Future,” BIS, Vol. 58 (2005), 167-180. As of 1996, a New York company was propos- ing to launch more than a million samples of human biological material beyond the solar system. “Dust to Stardust,” Science, Vol. 272 (14 June 1996), 593. Fred Hoyle, The Intelligent Universe, 224; Seielstad, 190; Aldiss, “Desper- ately Seeking Aliens;” Barrow and Tipler, 614. Seielstad, 191. Steven Wolfe, “Space Settlement: The Journey Inward,” Ad Astra, Vol. 16, Number 1 (January-February-March 2004), 30-33. “A Conversation with Carl Sagan,” U.S. News and World Report, 1 Decem- ber 1980, 62-63. Kenneth Heuer, Men of Other Planets, New York, Pellegrini and Cudahy, 1061 92 1951, 23. 19. William J. Broad, The Universe Below, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1997, Aa 20. 21. 22. These concepts are developed in Michael A.G. Michaud, “The Extraterres- trial Paradigm,” Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 4 (September, 1979), 177-192. Space optimists believe that expansion will remove the problem of limits. Consider Gregg Easterbrook’s declaration: “Above us in the Milky Way are essentially infinite resources and living space. If the phase of fossil-driven technology leads to discoveries that allow Homo sapiens to move into the galaxy, then resources, population pressure... will be forgotten. Most of the Earth may even be returned to primordial stillness, and the whole thing would have happened in the blink of The Human Role