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References 419 51. Frank D. Drake, “A Speculation on the Influence of Biological Immortality on SETI,” Cosmic Search, Summer 1980, 9-11. 52. Arthur C. Clarke, The Promise of Space, 293-294. 53. Goldsmith, Voyage to the Milky Way, 240. 54. Claudia Dreifus, “Live Longer With Evolution?” (interview with Michael Rose), The New York Times, 6 December 2005. 55. Webb, 239. . Ivan Almar, “Analogies Between Olbers’ Paradox and the Fermi Paradox,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 26 (1992), 253-256; George Musser, “String Instru- ments,” Scientific American, October 1998, 24-28. . Shklovskii and Sagan, 418; Asimov, Extraterrestrial Civilizations, 192. 3. . Heidmann’s argument was described in Stuart Clark, Life on Other Worlds Sullivan, 244-245. and How to Find It, New York, Springer, 2000, 156. For other rejections of the paradox, see Koerner and LeVay, 181, Robert A. Freitas, Jr., “There is No Fermi Paradox,” Icarus, Vol. 62 (1985), 518-520, and Robert A. Freitas, Jr., “Fermi’s Paradox: A Real Howler,” Isaac Asimov’s Science Fiction Maga- zine, 8 September 1984, 30-44. . McDonough, 198. . Webb, 42; Michael D. Papagiannis, “Bioastronomy: The Search for Extrater- restrial Life,” Sky and Telescope, June 1984, 508-511. . L. M. Gindilis and G.M. Rudnitskii, “On the Astrosociological Paradox in SETI,” in Shostak, editor, 404, 413. . Stephen Baxter, “The Planetarium Hypothesis: A Resolution of the Fermi Paradox,” JBIS, Vol. 54 (2001), 210-216. . Padgen, 49. . Edward Harrison, review of The Anthropic Cosmological Principle, Ameri- can Scientist, Vol. 75 (January-February 1987), 72-73. Also see Edward Harrison, Masks of the Universe, New York, MacMillan, 1985, 65. . Stephen Eales, “Smoking Supernovae and Dusty Galaxies,” Sky and Tele- scope, August 2004, 36-42. . George Musser, “Growing Pains,” Scientific American, July 2004, 32-33. . J. Michael Shull, “Hot Pursuit of Missing Matter,” Nature, Vol. 433 (3 Febru- ary 2005), 465-466; McConnell, 370. . James Glanz, “Is the Dark Matter Mystery Solved?”, Science, Vol. 271 (2 February 1996), 595-596; Mark Sincell, “Astronomers Glimpse Galaxy’s Heavy Halo,” Science, Vol. 291 (23 March 2001), 2293-2294. . James Trefil, The Dark Side of the Universe: A Scientist Explores the Mysteries of the Cosmos, Anchor reprint edition, 1989. Also see Robert Reformulating the Problem Thinking Outside the Box