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390 References 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. . See W. Bernard Carlson, “Inventor of Dreams,” Scientific American, March 2005, 79-85. In 1931, Tesla told Time magazine about his plans to signal the stars with his “Teslascope”—a giant radio transmitter. Nothing seems to have come of this project. . MacGowan and Ordway, 331. . Vakoch, “Pictorial Messages to Extraterrestrials;” Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence,” Scientific American, May 1975, 80-89. Sagan, Drake, and Linda Salzman Sagan described the Pioneer plaques in “A Message From Earth,” Science, Vol. 175 (1972), 881, republished in Goldsmith, editor, 274-277. Also see Carl Sagan, Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record, New York, Random House, 1978, and George Abell, “The Search for Life Beyond Earth: A Scientific Update,” in Christian, editor, 53-71. . The Staff at the Arecibo National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, “The Arecibo Message of November, 1974,” in Goldsmith, editor, 293-296; Paul Davies, Are We Alone?, 56; Carl Sagan, Cosmos, New York, Random House, 1980, 297; Drake and Sobel, 183; Stephen Webb, Where is Everybody? Fifty Solutions to the Fermi Paradox and the Problem of Extraterrestrial Life, New York, Copernicus, 2002, 111. . Donald Goldsmith, Voyage to the Milky Way: The Future of Space Explora- tion, New York, TV Books, 1999, 223. . Koerner and LeVay, 174; Seth Shostak, Sharing the Universe: Perspectives on Extraterrestrial Life, Berkeley, CA, Berkeley Hills Books, 1998, 149-150. Also see Michael A.G. Michaud, “Ten Decisions that Could Shake the World,” Space Policy, Vol. 19 (May 2003), 131-136. Carl Sagan, “The Quest for Intelligent Life in Space Is Just Beginning,” Smithsonian, May 1978, 38-47; Ridpath, 130. In his 1973 book The Cosmic Connection (page 195), Sagan wrote that the Arecibo radio telescope could communicate with an identical copy of itself anywhere in our galaxy, imply- ing a range of at least 70,000 light years. Seven years later, Sagan wrote in Cosmos (page 297) that the Arecibo observatory could communicate with an identical radio telescope 15,000 light years away, about 20% of the previ- ous distance and only halfway to the center of the Milky Way. For Sagan’s change of view, see John Casti, Paradigms Lost: Tackling the Unanswered Mysteries of Modern Science, New York, Bard (Avon), 1989, 384. Philip Morrison, et al., editors, SETI: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intel- ligence, NASA SP-419, 1977, 14; Ekers, et al., 5. Ekers, et al., eds, xxxi, 5, 235. White, 68; Morrison, et al., editors, 1977, 8, 14. Frank Drake, “Methods of Communication,” in Cyril Ponnamperuma and A.GW. Cameron, editors, Interstellar Communication: Scientific Perspec- tives, Boston, Houghton-Mifflin, 1974, 118-139. Ekers, et al., 5, 229. MacGowan and Ordway, 330, 355. The quote is from Ekers, et al., 244. Also see Douglas A. Vakoch, “The Dialogic Model: Representing Human Diversity in Messages to Extraterres- trials,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 42 (1998), 705-710; Douglas A. Vakoch, “Message Policy for Active SETI,” paper presented at the International Conference on SETI in the 21“ Century, Sydney, Australia, 1998.