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386 References 9. . “50, 100 & 150 Years Ago,” Scientific American, December 2003, 22. . Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison, “Searching for Interstellar Com- 9. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Sullivan, 164; Lichtman, 127. munications,” Nature, Vol. 184 (1959), 844-846. Reprinted in Goldsmith, editor, 102-104. . Frank D. Drake, “How Can We Detect Radio Transmissions from Distant Planetary Systems?” Sky and Telescope, 19 (1959), 140 (also in A.G.W. Cameron, editor, Interstellar Communication, New York, Benjamin, 1963, 165-174); Frank D. Drake, “Project Ozma,” Physics Today, Vol. 14 (April 1961), 40-46. Also see Drake and Sobel, passim. . Robert T. Rood and James S. Trefil, Are We Alone? The Possibility of Extraterrestrial Civilizations, New York, Scribner’s, 1981, 2. . Ronald N. Bracewell, “Communications from Superior Galactic Communi- ties,” Nature, Vol. 186 (1960), 670-672, reprinted in Goldsmith, editor, 105-107. . Dick, The Biological Universe, 436; Clark and Clark, 68-69; Swift, 188; Carl Sagan, “On the Detectivity of Advanced Galactic Civilizations,” Icarus, Vol. 19 (1973), 350-352; reprinted in Sagan, editor, CETI, 365-370, and in Gold- smith, editor, 140-141. . Clark and Clark, 70-71; Sullivan, 207; Marina Benjamin, Rocket Dreams: How the Space Age Shaped Our Vision of a World Beyond, New York, Free Press, 2003, 196-198. . Sagan, editor, CETI, 350. . LS. Shklovskii and Carl Sagan, Intelligent Life in the Universe, New York, Dell, 1966. Roger A. MacGowan and Frederick I. Ordway, III, Intelligence in the Uni- verse, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1966. Project Cyclops: A Design Study of a System for Detecting Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life, NASA Ames Research Center, 1972, revised edition 1973; Sullivan, 188. Swift, 253. The text is reproduced in the preface to James Gunn’s novel The Listeners, New York, Scribner’s, 1972. Carl Sagan, The Cosmic Connection, New York, Anchor Press (Doubleday), 1973. Philip Morrison, John Billingham, and John Wolfe, editors, The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, NASA SP-419, 1977, 13, 14; Jill C. Tarter and Christopher F. Chyba, “Is There Life Elsewhere in the Universe?” Scientific American, December 1999, 118-123. Linda Billings, “From the Observatory to Capitol Hill,” in Bova and Preiss, editors, 223-239; Carl Sagan, Cosmos, Random House, 1980. The petition appeared in the issue of Science dated 29 October 1982, page 426. It was republished in The Planetary Report of May-June 1996. Billingham, et al., editors, “Social Implications,” 47. Dick and Strick, 148. Over the years 1975 to 1992, Congress appropriated $78 million for SETI. Ronald D. Ekers, et al., editors, SETI 2020: A Roadmap for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, Mountain View, CA, SETI Press, 2002, xlvii.