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362 Directors of the SETI Institute, which, in turn, was to inform the major donors to Project Phoenix. The President of the Board of Directors was then to arrange a press conference. In the meantime, the discovery team was to prepare and submit a scientific paper to a refereed journal. Ideally, Tarter was quoted as saying, the finding would be kept confiden- tial while radio observatories around the world were given a chance to confirm the observation. The discoverer would notify the world’s observa- tories, using the International Astronomical Union telegram system, in order that the source could be confirmed and monitored continuously. Once the source had been confirmed and clearly identified as artificial and extraterrestrial, it would be time to hold a press conference." The presence of media people during the discovery of a candidate radio signal in 1997 raised questions about withholding information concerning a detection until it had been confirmed. Tarter recognized the intrinsic conflict between the public interest in the search and the requirement to verify and independently confirm the reality of any candidate detection." What if the detection is a mistake? Media attention to a false positive could do harm to the SETI enterprise. Some have argued that the Declaration of Principles is focused too nar- rowly on the detection of an electromagnetic signal and does not apply to other scenarios of contact. Stride thought that we need protocols for both the search for extraterrestrial artifacts (SETA) and the search for extrater- restrial visitation (SETV). These documents would include strict rules for verification, confirmation, even syntax for communication.’ As of early 2006, the International Academy of Astronautics was con- sidering a broadened and simplified text of the Declaration of Principles, extending the document’s coverage to include other evidence of extrater- restrial intelligence such as the detection of alien artifacts in our solar system. No text had been endorsed by the Academy as of this writing. I published an early version of this revised document in 2005, but that may not precisely reflect the Academy’s ultimate position.'® Even as revised, this document does not address visits by inhabited spacecraft, a scenario that most people involved in SETI consider highly unlikely. There also is the credibility issue that arises whenever this scenario is proposed, particularly because of its association with UFOs. Others believe that we should develop a protocol to address the Visit Scenario. Matloff, Schenkel, and Marchan argued that such a visit would be, by far, the most complex and potentially significant form of contact; it might involve the penetration into Earth’s atmosphere, even a landing on the Earth’s surface, and possibly direct encounters with extraterrestrials. They proposed guiding principles for our own behavior, including offers of assistance if required, proposals for a meeting place, coordination of communication with the visitors, and precautionary measures to prevent Annex: Preparing