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346 Regis challenged these views. He found it puzzling to hear human spe- cialness claimed to be a virtue when the pre-Copernican view that mankind is the center of things is supposedly a deadly chauvinism. If Homo sapiens becomes more precious if extraterrestrial intelligence is absent, then it must become less so if extraterrestrial intelligence is present.’ We may never know for sure that there are other minds. Even if life is a universal, Morris reminded us, we can still be alone. It may be more prudent to assume that we are unique and act accordingly.'® Paradigm Shifts