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1347 Bubonic plague spreads in Europe through 1350. Over 100 million would die from the plague dur- ing the next 400 years. 1350 Renaissance Period, with its emphasis on freedom of the human spirit, replaces oligarchic control structures in Europe. It produces individualism that is immediately expressed as republican nationalism, dedicated to ending all hereditary control and dictatorship over the lives of people. The Renaissance Period becomes destructured again by the old families in Europe. England eventually becomes the source of the movement to destroy nationalism (initially through conquest and establishment of the British Empire) and individualism, expressed in the Communist movement. Eventually, two world wars would be planned to restore rule by the oligarchy. 1400 European power centers coalesce into two camps: the Ghibellines, who supported the Emperors Hohenstaufen family, and the Guelphs, from Welf, the German prince who competed with Frederick for control of the Holy Roman Empire. The Pope allied himself with the Guelphs. All modern history stems directly from the struggle between these two powers. The Guelphs are also called the Neri, Black Guelphs, or Black Nobility, and supported William of Orange in his seizure of the throne of England, which eventually resulted in the formation of the Bank of England and the East India Com- pany, which would rule the world from the 17th century. All coup d'etats, revolutions and wars in the 19th and 20th centuries are centered in the battle of the Guelphs to hold and enhance their power, which is now the New World Order. The power of the Guelphs would extend through the Italian financial centers to the north of France in Lombardy (all Italian bankers were referred to as “Lombards.” Lom- bard in German means “deposit bank,” and the Lombards were bankers to the entire Medieval world. They would later transfer operations north to Hamburg, then to Amsterdam, and finally to London. The Guelphs would start the slave trade to the colonies. The Guelphs, in order to aid their control of finance and politics, would perpetuate Gnostic cults which eventually developed into the Rosicrucians, Unitari- ans, Fabian Society and the World Council of Churches. The East India company, together with John Stuart Mill, would finance the University of London. A friend of Mill, George Grote, would give the University of London £6000 to study “mental health,” which began the worldwide “mental health” movement. 1444 Men taken from Lagos, Africa, to Seville, Spain, and sold into slavery to work the sugar cane fields. 1454 Pope induced to extend his blessing to the slave trade and his authority to “attack, subject and reduce to slavery” the Saracens, Pagans, and other “enemies of Christ.” Portugal becomes a prime user of slavery to promote its trade in sugar, to which people were becoming addicted. 1493 Columbus transports sugar cane to the New World on the advice of Queen Isabela. Members of his crew acquire syphilis in Haiti. 1495 Syphilis epidemic spreads to Europe from Naples, Italy, where the troops of Charles VIII were quartered. 1496 Treatment of syphilis using mercury compounds introduced, based on Arabic use of mercury com- pounds to treat skin diseases. 320 Appendix F: General Chronology of Events 1228 German emperor Frederick II leads a Crusade to Jerusalem. 1243 Centralization of Papal power in Pope Innocent IV until 1254. 1298 Between 1298 and 1314 seven large “comets” seen over Europe. 1333 A plague in China, preceded by a “terrible mist emitting a fearful stench and infecting the air.” 1495 Syphilis reaches Germany and Switzerland. 1496 Syphilis reaches England and Holland. 1497 Severe famine in Florence, Italy. Atlantis, Alien Visitation, and Genetic Manipulation