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important junction and battlefield throughout history. It is mentioned in an Egyptian document over 3,500 years old, was one of the chariot cities of Kings Solomon and Ahab, and was the site where Josiah, King of Judah, fell in battle. Excavations have uncovered the ruins of 25 cities dating from 4,000 to 400 B.C. Ruined structures, now visible, belong to the fortified “chariot city” built by King Solomon in the 10th century B.C. An ancient water system, dating from the 9th century B.C., is well preserved. It is a phenomenal piece of engineering which has a big shaft, sunk 120 feet through rock, meeting a tunnel cut more than 200 feet to a spring outside the city. The spring was hidden by a wall and camouflaged by a covering of anh earth. 5. 1025 - 945 B.C. Tyre, Lebanon: Home of King Hiram and the mythological Hiram Abiff, the Terri- ble Twosome of Masonic legend. Tyre is less than 20 miles north of the 33rd Parallel. Hiram was the King of Tyre in the reigns of David and Solomon. He was on friendly terms with both of them. King Hiram is first mentioned in the Holy Bible at 2 Samuel 5:11, almost at the start of his reign, when he sent messengers to David with cedar trees, carpenters and masons who built David a house. The wood was floated in rafts down the coast to Joppa, then brought overland to Jerusalem. Hiram, who admired David, sent an embassy to Solomon after David's death, as recorded in 1 Kings 5:1. Solomon took advantage of Hiram and arranged for Hiram to send him timber of cedar and fir from Lebanon. Hiram's “stone-squarers” (1 Kings 5:18) were men of Gebal (modern Jebail) north of Beirut. Both Solomon and Hiram were Semites. Solomon supplied Hiram with large quantities of wheat and olive oil annually for food (1 Kings 5:11), and he surrendered 20 “cities” of Galilee to Hiram (1 Kings 9:10-13). When Solomon had finished building the temple (seven years) and his palace (13 years), Hiram came to Galilee. Hiram was greatly dissatisfied when he saw the cities, and he nick- named them “Cabul,” a term of uncertain origin which Joseph in his Antiquities (8:5:3) says means “not pleasing” in the Phoenician tongue. Hiram and Solomon built a navy and equipped it with sailors on the Red Sea. They made expeditions from Ezion-geber at the head of the Gulf of Aqabah south to Ophir, where they purchased gold (1 Kings 9:28). They also had a “navy of Tarshish” on the Mediterranean which brought to them from afar “gold and silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks” (1 Kings 10:22). No definite record has been found of Hiram's death. Hiram had a daughter who became one of Solomon's “seven hundred” wives (1 Wien. 14.4 ON Kings 11:1, 3). A century later Ethbaal, who was Hiram's great grandson, was called “king of Sidon” in 1 Kings 16:31. Ethbaal's daughter, Jezebel, became Ahab's notorious queen (1 Kings 16:31). Renewed trou- bles after Ethbaal's death led to the emigration of Elissa, the Dido of Virgil's Aeneid IV, and to the Cav Anata a The Holy Bible does record a Hiram, a worker in brass. King Solomon brought this Hiram from Tyre to help build the temple (1 Kings 7:13, 14, 40-45; 2 Chronicles 2:13, 14; 4:11-16). This Hiram's mother was a woman of the tribe of Dan who had married first into the tribe of Naphtali, then later a man of Tyre. However, the name “Hiram Abiff’ is nowhere in the Holy Bible. His name, and the myth surrounding his death and resurrection, are the product of occultists' imaginations. 275 Appendix C: Suggested Areas of Research foundation of Carthage. Atlantis, Alien Visitation, and Genetic Manipulation