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SOUTHEAST ASIA Warl. Cn Y-5 Assainst the Tide Part One THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CODEWORD MATERIAL —FOP—SECRET NOFORN-
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Conventional Radio Receivers . 32 MRPZ-3 COMSEC Position . 33 COMSEC Specialists of USASA Company, Saigon . : 36. Enemy Intercept of U.S.…
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FOP-SEEREF-UMBRA_NOFORN 88 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Prepare recommendations for handling operational traffic (e.g., communi- cations…
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COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 89 Close Cooperation Between ASA COMSEC Personnel and Infantrymen Vietnam, two concerned Navy communications in the…
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FOP-SECREF-UMBRANOFORIE 90 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE GAME WARDEN studies undertaken in 1965 and the first part of 1966. For the mid-1966 ARC…
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“FOP-SEECRETF-EMBRA-NOFORN— COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 91 During SILVER BAYONET the 371st ASA Company and additional ASA COMSEC units gave the Ist…
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92 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE KL-7 Off-line Cryptographic Equipment (center), which Cavalry- men did not use in SILVER BAYONET. the first…
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—FOP-SECREF-UMBRA_NOFORN- COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 93 A 101st Security Detachment COMSEC study of communications monitored just before, during,…
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—TOP-SECRET-UMBRA_NOFORI- 94 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE longer in heavy combat. Authentication was used more frequently, and communicators…
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“TOP-SECRET-UMBRA_NOFORN— COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 95 authentication more frequently, although still not to the extent desired. About the same…
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96 : WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Guam In the fall of 1965 and in early 1966, the Navy and Air Force . undertook a major COMSEC study of…
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COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 97 Soviet Trawler Izmeritel Off Apra, Guam, 1966 and the Strategic Communications ionospheric scatter facilities. In…
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The COMSEC Monitor at Work (Charcoal by Specialist 5 Wayne A. Salge, a member of the ASA Combat Artists Program.)
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—POP-SECRETF-OMBRANOPFORN— 98 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE position. In addition, COMSEC 701 installed four audio and four DC lines connecting…
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COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 99 T AFB EEK BARRIGADA [> ID FINEGAYAN \-7 CHICHI Communications Circuits Monitored in the Guam COMSEC Survey COMSEC…
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eceiver Bldg f~=e 7 Andersen ¢ Air Force Base se 100 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE r Frequency (MC) 7517.5,7667.5 1755 - FOM/FM : TDM/PPM…
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COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 101 Antenna Field at the Naval Radio Station, Barrigada The monitors uncovered a large number of COMSEC malpractices…
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—TOP-SECRET _UMBRA_NOFORTT 102 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE bombers were due over target; and (4) cleartext transmissions on radio circuits…
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FOP-SECREF-GMBRANOFORIE COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 103 In summary, the Air Force had found a number of insecure communications practices that made…
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—FOR-SECRETF-+EMBRANOFORN- 104 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE During this time, the NSA team obtained over 77,000 feet of magnetic tape…
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COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 105 NSA’s TEMPEST Shelter and Power Generator Used in the Guam Study Navy TEMPEST Tests The U.S. Naval Security…
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FOP-SECREF-UMBRA-NOFORR- 106 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE filters, better grounding, and filters on telephone lines leaving communications…
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FOP-SECREF-EMBRA-NOFORE- COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 107 of the facilities surveyed on Guam. However, the team did recommend that filters be placed…
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CHAPTER I The Problem Without intelligence, one is vulnerable; without security, one is defenseless. —Ancient military axiom A nation’s…
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“FOP-SECREF-UMBRA_NOFORTDE WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE = AFSS also examined the facilities of the 1958th Communications Squadron at Andersen,…
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COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 109 While microwave transmissions in plain language could sometimes be heard at the three-mile limit, they were not…
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“FOP-SECREF-GMBRA—_NOFORD- 110 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE other operations to secure the coastal regions and major rivers. Task Force 115…
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COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 111 COMSEC 705 Operations Area, Monkey Mountain The COMSEC team officer in Saigon was to ensure the closest possible…
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| —FOP-SEGREF-UMBRANOFORIT 112 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE immediately apply important findings to operations—and to the COMSEC 702 Processing…
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FOP-SECREF-EMBRA-NOFORN— COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 113 coordinates, which not only gave current locations but also identified forthcoming…
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—TOP-SECRET-UMBRA_NEFORET 114 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE recommendations and actions taken during the course of the survey. Specific problems…
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“TOP-SECRET-UMBRA—NOFEORN- COMSEC SURVEILLANCE . 115 e. KAC-140 provided the first effective code system to protect MARKET TIME operations.…
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-FOP-SECRET-EMBRA-NOFORR- 116 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE The COMSEC survey improved only U.S. COMSEC. Since South Vietnamese ships…
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FOP-SEECREF-UMBRANOFORN- COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 117 and logistical support came from COMSEC 705 at Da Nang. From the time of its activation in…
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“FOP-SECREF-EMBRANOFORK- 2 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE required the greatest percentage of manpower but also provided the basis from which…
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“FOP-SECRETF-UMBRANOFORN- 118 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE GAME WARDEN. It was available from COMUSMACYV. Not only did KAC-140 permit secure…
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—FOP-SECREF-EMBRA_NOPFORN- COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 119 ashore. Until made secure cryptographically, these links were susceptible to enemy…
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—FOP-SECREF-UMBRANOFORN- 120 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE including those to notify U.S. front line units of an impending strike, did not have…
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—FOP-SECREF-EMBRA_NOFORIT COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 121 established were exploitable—reliable predictions of impending strikes could be based on…
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—TOP-SECRET-EUMBRANOFORR- 122 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE NOTAM's went to the ACC’s at Hong Kong, Saigon, Bangkok, Taipei, Singapore, and,…
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“FOP-SEEGRET-UMBRA—NOFORDE COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 123 The JCS approved the request, and Admiral Sharp promulgated orders to CINCUSARPAC,…
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“FOP-SECREF-CMBRA_NOFORN- 124 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Admiral Sharp's directive contained specific EEFI and areas of special interest.…
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FOP-SECREF-EMBRA—NOFORR- COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 125 During the 30-day survey, SCA monitoring units covered a majority of those circuits known…
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FOPR-SECREF-UMBRA—NOFORA- 126 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Warning Time Revealed in Teletype Transmissions Originator Time of Transmittal…
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-FOP-SEECRET-UMBRA—NOFORN- COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 127 whether they did or did not specifically prohibit the transmission of intelligence…
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TOP-SECRET -OMBRA—NOFORK- THE PROBLEM 3 Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF) and U.S. traffic passed on selected Republic of Vietnam (RVN) traffic…
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—FOP-SEGREF-UMBRANOFORN— 128 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE NSA-CINCPAC concept for COMSEC surveillance, but the COMSEC units had employed only…
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COMSEC SURVEILLANCE Jeep-mounted KY-8 Ciphony Device exhaustive examination of U.S. communications passed prior to the air operations. Once…
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—FOR-SECRET-UMBRA—_NOFORN- 130 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE THUNDER. The third category, ARC LIGHT, was, of course, the B-52 strikes over South…
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Saree saree ay | Riedl a dad 131 Oo om | el © 69 oD on to Ov ow pp Oo wd ot COMSEC SURVEILLANCE
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134 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Corrective Actions In the three types of air operations the PURPLE DRAGON teams ’ examined, the element of…
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“FPOP-SECRETF-CMBRA_NOFORTE COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 135 associated with the drone program. For continued cover on the Bien Hoa-Da Nang link,…
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WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE 86-36 oO USC 403 8 USC 798 fin
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FOP-SEGREF-OMBRANOFORN- COMSEC SURVEILLANCE 137 been including in their unclassified NOTAM’s not only flight infor- mation for overflight…
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WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Communications Equipment Captured From an Enemy SIGINT Unit. (Top, left to right: a homemade transmitter, a…
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—FOP-SEGRET-UMBRA—NOFOREE 138 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE shifting, when possible, from unencrypted to encrypted communications; revising…
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CHAPTER IV Communications Cover and Deception Communications cover and communications deception consist of two separate but related…
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140 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE BJU COMSEC Van at Hill 327, Da Nang NSA played a minor role in CC&D operations. It participated in the review…
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—TOP-SECRET-UMBRA_-NOFORN- COMMUNICATIONS COVER AND DECEPTION 141 One often-recommended communications cover technique involves the…
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FOP-SECREF-UMBRA—_NOFORN- 142 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Army MCD The Army seldom used MCD during the years to 1968; it was never - used by a…
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COMMUNICATIONS COVER AND DECEPTION 143 Truck-mounted ASA Reporting and Analysis Center send a troop to support infantry in that area for…
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—“FOP-SECRET-UMBRANOFORR- 144 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE communication, ordering several companies to remain out in separate field locations…
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“FOP-SECREF-EMBRANOFORN- COMMUNICATIONS COVER AND DECEPTION 145 Vietnamese had discovered the barrier pattern by analyzing uncovered…
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-FOP-SEERET-UMBRANOFORN- 146 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE traffic. During the second period the tactical units remained on the regular…
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FOP-SECRET-EMBRANOFORR- COMMUNICATIONS COVER AND DECEPTION 147 the Subic Harbor Common Net and the MARKET TIME circuits, a point the enemy…
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THE PROBLEM 5 North Vietnamese Intercept Operator at Work (Captured photo- graph) information to the carrier strike force and to the…
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FOR-SECREF-EMBRA-NOFOR- 148 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE engagement requiring detailed coordination with the South Vietnamese before each…
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—FOP-SECRETF-UMBRA_NOFORN— COMMUNICATIONS COVER AND DECEPTION 149 attempting to make the U.S. planes jettison their bomb loads short of the…
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-FOP-SECREF-UMBRA—NOFORN- 150 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE F-105’s on the enemy radar screens. While in flight, the F-4C’s flew at speeds and…
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FOP-SECRET-CMBRA_NOFORN- COMMUNICATIONS COVER AND DECEPTION 151 numbers (2 or 4) indicated, respectively, launch and recovery of MIG's.…
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152 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE 3)-P.L. 86-36 ( ( (3)-50 Use 403 (3)-18 USC 798
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-FOP-SECREF-EMBRANOFORN- COMMUNICATIONS COVER AND DECEPTION 153 Operation BOLO, as is frequently the case when MCCD is employed, required…
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-FOP-SECRET-UMBRA_NOFORN- 154 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE more strategic nature, they mean putting hard-to-hide military resources (troops,…
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CHAPTER V Lessons Learned COMSEC Education One major lesson learned from COMSEC monitoring in Vietnam is that a commander’s attitude toward…
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156 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE TR OF U.S. COMMUNICATORS vere LATGRCEPT E callsign & suffix) MESSAGE NET a Melly 5 da, am tty hehe ll ST NE we…
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LESSONS LEARNED callsign & suffix, Decot 35 1835 Fire 90 Vague 90 1250 Sluch 17 B86 1530 B60 B66 Decot 33 80 Siluch 13 OWL 83 Bandit 90 B66…
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6 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Ben Thuy directed North Vietnamese naval units to use camouflage and systematically disperse before the morning…
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FOP-SECRET-EMBRA-NOFORE- 158 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE vince the commanders that the enemy has an active, sophisticated SIGINT program in…
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LESSONS LEARNED 159 As in the case of the commanders, the ideal would be! to indoctrinate communicators before they arrive in the war zone.…
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160 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE OF U.S, COMMUNICATORS sore INTERCEPT (callsign & suffix) * MESSAGE Ry, - “ft o $7368 Pored fotn ot twmel wll…
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LESSONS LEARNED 161 ey OF U.S. COMMUNICATORS VeICE uytercert (callsign & suffix) MESSAGE DATE NET p66 Fire 90 At 559368 found bunker end…
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FOP-SECREF-UMBRANOFORTT 162 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE headway in an attack on U.S. communications, then all was presumed well. However, such…
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FOP-SECRET-UEMBRA_NOFORIT LESSONS LEARNED 163 have no means of evaluating the extent to which their communications may be feeding…
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164 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE = U.S. COMMUNICATORS VOICE UWTERcEPt [callsign & suffix) © MESSAGE DATE wor bandigo - Me amt Re we Vagnap…
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LESSONS LEARNED U.S. COMMUNICATORS calisi, Bandit 90 Fire 90 Vagaz 90 Tycoon 11 " Decot & Flame 77F Sailor 65 Tycoon 11 Tycoon 11 1635…
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“FOP-SECRET-UMBRANOFORI- 166 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE places main reliance on individual restraint by Americans, it will fail in the long…
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LESSONS LEARNED 167 equipment of low interceptability. Neither the KY-8 nor the KW-7 equipment has traffic flow security safeguards,…
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FOP-SEGCREF-UMBRA_NOFORIT THE PROBLEM 7 configuration. Further, FAC and strike crews working at night observed that after they discussed…
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ACC area control center List of Abbreviations fF AF AFSCC ALTREV AM AR ARVN ASA BJU CAAT CC&D CINCPACELT CINCUSARPAC COMBAR COMSEC CTF CTZ…
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FOP-SECREF-UMBRA—NOFORD- 170 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE FFV Field Force Vietnam FMFPAC Fleet Marine Force, Pacific FS Federal Standard HFDF…
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 171 PBR patrol boat, river PDS practices dangerous to security PDSR Practices Dangerous to Security Report PRC…
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—FOP-SEECREF-UMBRANOFORIE 172 _ WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE TSMS Transmission Security Monthly Report TSSR Transmission Security Summary…
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Index ABILENE, Operation: 142 Abrams, Lt. Gen. Creighton W.:_ 19 Air Force Security Service COMSEC monitoring equipment: 72, 73,74, 75…
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174 313th Battalion: 24-27, 37 USASA Company, Saigon: 25, 37 325th Company: 52 337th Company: 142 371st Company: 52, 91-92 101st Security…
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INDEX Army: 139, 142-44 compared with enemy CC&D: 139-40 definition of: 139 electronic deception: 149 evaluation of: 153-54, 159 ICD,…
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176 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE manpack: 53 F-4C’s: 149, 150, 151, 152 manual: 13 F-105's: 149, 150, 152 one-time pads: 20 Field Forces…
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INDEX Joint Chiefs of Staff and ARC LIGHT COMSEC study: 122, 123 and PURPLE DRAGON: 128 Joint U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group…
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178 concept of conventional: 159, 162 concept of surveillance: 87-90, 128, 162 of control tower directions: 121 of encrypted material: 22,…
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8 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Besides working on U.S. communications passively for intelligence of value to his operations, the enemy’s…
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INDEX COMSEC 703: 54, 146 COMSEC 704: 54 COMSEC 705: 57-58, 59-60, 117 COMSEC 706: 62 COMSEC Team, Naval Support Group Da Nang: 57-58…
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FOP-SECREF-UMBRANOFORN- 180 Prestrike Report: 80 Proteus, USS: 96, 107 PURPLE DRAGON COMSEC study: 88, 90, 128-38, 163 Ranger, USS: 5…
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INDEX Vietnamese Communist threat jamming: 9 \ SIGINT operations: 1, 2-11,\19, 35-36, 43-44, 49, 122, 139, 155, 158, 159 H and VC COMSEC…
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182 reporting on: 34, 36-43, 54-55, 63, 67, 68, 69-71, 72, 77, 79- 81, 82, 83, 112, 117, 118, 123, 125 on SAM alerts: 77 on search and…
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CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY SERIES | SOUTHEAST ASIA Working Against the Tide (COMSEC Monitoring and Analysis) PART ONE (Db) (3)-P.L. 86-36 Hiram M.…
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THE PROBLEM Passing Material to Couriers. diverted the fire on to friendly positions. In other instances, the enemy gained advantage by…
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—FOP-SECREF-UMBRA-NOFORE- 10 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE deception. While a battalion of the 2d Brigade, U.S. 25th Infantry Division, was…
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FOP-SECREF-EMBRA-NOFORKE- THE PROBLEM 11 Henchman’s pleasure, but battalion operations continued to be directed on alternate company nets.*…
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FOP-SECRET-UMBRA—_NOFORS- 12 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE that the Navy Beach Jumpers needed additional training. The 1-year tour worked…
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FOPR-SECREF-UMBRANOFORN- THE PROBLEM 13 and analysis personnel, it was their monitoring and analysis operations that most effectively…
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TOP-SECRET -UMBRA_NOFORN— 14 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE COMSEC analysts on occasion achieved limited improvement, the problem remained. At…
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THE PROBLEM 15 Lack of Command Emphasis A commander’s attitude toward COMSEC obviously had its effect upon the COMSEC status of his unit.…
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—FOP-SECREF-EMBRANOFORE- 16 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE To a great extent, however, clear voice was employed with a reasonable degree of…
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MAJOR SCA UNITS HAVING COMSEC MISSIONS (As of 1967) HAINAN (Navy Special Teams & Army South China Sea
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CHAPTER II Conventional COMSEC Monitoring In conventional COMSEC operations the monitor places himself in the role of the enemy.…
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SECURITY NOTICE Although the information contained in this journal ranges in security classification from UNCLASSIFIED to TOP SECRET…
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—FOR-SECREF-UMBRA—NOFORN- 20 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE As early as 1959, questions arose concerning the communications security status of…
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—FOP-SEGREF-UEMBRA_NOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 21 COMSEC Personnel World-Wide (FY 1967) Army Navy Air Force Pers % Pers % Pers %…
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FOP-SECREF-EMBRA-NOFORN— 22 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE On 12 October 1961 six enlisted COMSEC specialists from the 104th USASA Security…
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—FOP-SECRET-EMBRA_NOFORIT CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 23 assumed control of the tactical COMSEC functions of the ASA direct support…
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“FOP-SECREF-UMBRANOFORN- 24 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE mission, By early summer of 1966 manpower and positions were double 509th ASA Group In…
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FOP-SECRET-EMBRA NOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 25 Platoon was in Can Tho. Detachment 1 of the 101st SD worked in the…
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26 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE 404th ASA Detachment (Airborne) Operations Building, Bien Hoa, 1967 headquarters companies of the 303d and…
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FOR-SECREF-EMBR 1 HOFORTE CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 27 404th ASA Detachment (Airborne) Officers’ Billets, Bien Hoa, 1967 1967. In June…
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28 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE USASA COMSEC Resources in SEA, 1 January 1968 Unit Designation® Unit Cover Name* Arrived SEA Supported Command…
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-FOP-SEEREF-UMBRANOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 29 2 ~Continued Total COMSEC Personnel? Base COMSEC Location Positions Officers’ EM…
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CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY SERIES Southeast Asia Sponsors Vice Adm. Noel Gayler, USN Maj. Gen. Charles J. Denholm, USA Rear Adm. Ralph E. Cook,…
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FOR-SECREF-UMBRANOFORR- 30 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Collection Although ASA monitors used many types of equipment, there were four basic…
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-FOP-SECREF-UMBRA_NOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 31 USASA COMSEC Positions in SEA, FY 1964-68 Unit“ USASA Security Co, Saigon USASA…
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32 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Conventional Radio Receivers (R-392 above, R-744 below) used with four basic Army equipment configurations.
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CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 33 MRPZ-3 COMSEC Position at Diep Hoa, with sandbagged shelter at right and generator trailer at left. Such…
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34 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Against the Tide The direct support units gave an account of COMSEC weaknesses and status in written reports…
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-FOP-SECREF-EMBRANOFORN— CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 35 Transmissions Monitored by ASA 1966 1967 Radio telephone 1,430,059 6,606,539…
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36 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE USASA Company, Saigon, COMSEC Specialists analyzing, trans- cribing, and reporting on U.S. communications, Tan…
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“FOP-SECRET-UMBRANOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 37 publication, but after March 1967, as did other echelons of ASA’s COMSEC…
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—FOP-SEERETF-UMBRANOFORN— 38 WORKING AGAINST THE TIC the commands, and the thousands more that undoubtedly wen undetected, represented a…
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—FOPR-SECREF-EMBRA—NOFORD- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 39 COMSEC Violations in the FFV II Area, November 1966-June 1967 Category Number…
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Foreword Important as it is in peacetime, communications security becomes even more important in wartime. Ultimately, we must reckon…
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40 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Enclosure (Monitored Telephone Conversation) J-3 SPECIALIST . . . COLONEL /. . ./ PLEASE. ONE MOMENT SIR.…
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FOP-SECRET-EMBRANOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 4l YES. GENERAL DEPUY IS ON HIS WAY UP THERE AND GENERAL TONG IS ON HIS WAY UP THERE…
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42 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Reported Rates of Violations (Per 1,000 transmissions) Average Year R/T Conv Telephone RTTY Violation Rates…
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FOR-SECREF-EMBRANOFORDE- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 43 emphasized. The table on page 42 gives the results of the ASA quarterly…
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—FOP-SECRETF-EMBRA_NOFORN- 44 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE [___ findings. In October, the division began to use KY—8 ciphony equipment, and…
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“FOP-SEGCRET-UMBRA—_NOFORN— CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 45 23 July 1966 IAPV77 SUBJECT: Callword Study (U) 4, (C) RECOMMENDATIONS: The…
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WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Skee ke ne Oh u Che we. go PAM TE aac at Ges tee and J cha sae, vo = ay a et rca fie Cecio, abowt cttnindls 4 =…
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—TOP-SECRET-OMBRANOFORD- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 4] TIME OF INTERCEPL U.S. COMMUNICATORS O745 Stroy 91 0850 ce ceo A66 Expoider 77F…
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FOP-SEGRET-EMBRA-NOFORNE- 48 WORKING AGAINST THE TID: three hours, the shaken commander acknowledged the obvious and. applied, at least for…
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FOP-SEECREF-CMBRA_NOFORE- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 49 and target exploitation (TAREX) organization in Vietnam. With these, ASA…
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Preface The authors of Working Against the Tide drew upon a wide variety of source materials in presenting their composite picture of…
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FOP-SECRET-EMBRA—NOFORD- 50 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Convincing the Commanders The Army Security Agency found a wide variety of responses…
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FOP-SECRET-UMBRA—NOFORN CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 51 " §) SAMPLE MESSAGES ANU METHUD OF Coe GolT Iu G Us LY USED: oe IN GENERAL. THE…
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—FOR-SECREF-EMBRA_NOFORN 52 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE commanders the danger of communications deficiencies, and COMSEC personnel at the DSU…
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FOP-SECREF-EMBRA—NOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 53 picture of friendly operations that had been gleaned from COMSEC analysis, and…
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—FOR-SECREF-GMBRANOFORRE 54 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE authentication. The weaknesses continued largely because too many commanders and their…
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—FOPR-SECRET-EMBRA—_NOFORRE CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 55 monitoring and first echelon reporting, then forwarded raw traffic…
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56 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Navy COMSEC Monitoring Position Ashore Navy COMSEC Team Vietnam (C) was deactivated and its tasks were assumed…
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“FOP-SECREF-UMBRA_NOFORIT CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 57 Navy COMSEC Monitoring Position Ashore corresponded somewhat to that of ASA…
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“FOP-SECRET-UMBRA—NOFORA- 58 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE communications. By December 1965,[__Jadditional enlisted billets had been approved…
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CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 59 USMC Sub Unit One COMSEC Monitor River Delta. The work of the team was of value to the chief of the Naval…
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“TOP-SECRET-OUMBRA—NOFERN- viii Morris, Jr., Mr. Glenn F. Clamp, CMsgt Melvin D. Porter, and Capt. John D. Dowdey deserve special mention…
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60 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE COMSEC 705 Location at Foot of Monkey Mountain the fact that termination of operations at Vung Tau would…
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FOP-SEGREF-EMBRA_NOFORD- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 61 ri Sats . COMSEC Specialists Assembling an Antenna, Monkey Mountain as COMSEC…
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FOR-SECREF-UMBRANOFORN- 62 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE vated on 22 May 1967, permanent COMSEC components continued to provide COMSEC technical…
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FOP-SECREF-UMBRA_NOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 63 Operations NAVSECGRU's COMSEC organization monitored and analyzed long- haul…
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—FOP-SEERET-UMBRA-NOFORN- 64 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Initially, NAVSECGRU had problems with the equipment it placed ashore in Vietnam.…
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FOP-SECRET-UMBRANOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 65 The geographic location of NAVSECGRU COMSEC components permitted reasonably good…
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66 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE [__|comsec Intercept Vans and Operations Tent, Chu Lai Person-to-person presentations seemed, for the most…
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FOR-SEEREF-EMBRANOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 67 [__Joreraion Building at Hill 327, Da Nang unit's briefing program: did much to…
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FOP-SECREF-OMBRA_NOFORN 68 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE example, of information they had monitored from the Navy’s air traffic coordination…
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—TOP-SEERETF-UMBRANOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 69 Navy COMSEC reports also prompted command actions of one kind or another. A…
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Contents Chapter Page PART ONE I. THE PROBLEM . 1 Division of Responsibilities . 2 Enemy SIGINT Threat . Soe eee 2 Major Problems . . . . .…
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70 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE KW-26 and KW-37R in Detachment 5 Cryptocenter, USS Constellation, Gulf of Tonkin intelligence on naval and…
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CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 71 KL-47 in Detachment 5 Cryptocenter, USS Constellation, Gulf of Tonkin To develop better rapport with…
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72 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Air Force Security Service Organization Headquarters, AFSS, at Kelly Air Base in Texas, controlled the Air…
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FOR-SECREF-OMBRA—NOFORTIT CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 73 Before the end of 1964, the Pacific Air Force (PACAF) authorized an additional…
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74 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Detachment 7, 6922d Security Wing, Buildings, Korat Detachment 7, 6922d Security Wing In preparation for a…
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CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 75 Detachment 7, 6922d Security Wing, Positions, Korat Among locations considered—Takhli, Udorn, and…
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76 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Detachment 5 Mobile Operations, 1966 Date Place Communications Targeted 21 Feb-6 Mar Da Nang AB nontactical VHF…
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FOR-SECRET-UMBRA—NOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 77 Operations As in the case of Army and Navy operations, AFSS monitors selected k…
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78 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Detachment 5, 6922d Security Wing, Analysts at Work, Tan Son Nhut targets, air refueling, and air-to-air…
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FOP-SECRET-EMBRA_-NOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 79 KW-26 and KY-8 Crypto-equipment in Seventh Air Force Operations Area, Tan Son…
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—TOP-SECRET_UMBRA_NOFORN- x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS... ..... . . 169 INDEX... .. . . ee ee 178 Maps Major SCA Units Having COMSEC Missions. .…
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—TOP-SECRET-UMBRA_NOPFORN- 80 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE In mid-1966 Detachment 5 recommended that the reports of monitored activity, both…
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FOP-SECREF-UMBRANOFORN- CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 81 Seventh Air Force Classification of Information Planned or Completed Missions…
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—FOP-SECRET-EHMBRANOFORD- 82 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE Against the Tide AFSS monitors acquired sensitive information on a number of actions…
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FOP-SECREF-OMBRA_NOFORN— CONVENTIONAL COMSEC MONITORING 83 In the spring of 1967, AFSS monitored VHF/UHF unsecured communications at the…
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—TOP-SECRET-UMBRANOFORT 84 WORKING AGAINST THE TIDE securing by crypto-equipment of every voice link over which sensitive information was…
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SOUTHEAST ASIA Wark os) >) A “inst the Tide Part Two THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CODEWORD MATERIAL —FTOP-SECREF -NOFORN—
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CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY SERIES - SOUTHEAST ASIA Working Against the Tide (COMSEC Monitoring and Analysis) PART TWO
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SECURITY NOTICE Although the information contained in this journal ranges in security classification from UNCLASSIFIED to TOP SECRET…
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CHAPTER III COMSEC Surveillance The Concept In the mid-1960’s, COMSEC specialists began to encourage a new approach to the problem of…