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Industrial Assessment of the Microwave Power Tube Industry April 1997
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significant decreases in R&D funding from DoD and civil agencies (from $54 million in 1985 to $7 million in 1995). Corporate spending to…
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critical components, such as klystrons, for this program be manufactured in the U.S. or its territories. (This does not mean necessarily…
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Although publicly-available financial information on microwave power tube manufacturers is limited, all companies surveyed indicated they…
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years. Changed requirements for microwave power tube types or quantities could have a significant impact on individual manufacturers. Since…
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Section 1.0 - Microwave Power Tubes 1.1 Introduction Microwave power tubes and solid-state devices are used to generate and amplify…
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Wavelength 30cm 10 cm 1 cm 1mm Radar Bands) = L Millimeter Ultra High Frequency Frequency 1GHz 3 GHz 30 GHz 300 GHz Figure 1: The…
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frequency and power. Solid-state power amplifiers, transmit/receive (T/R) modules, and active arrays use a variety of power combining…
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Early microwave power tube development was driven by the military needs of the Second World War. Military systems utilize microwave power…
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Tube Type Frequency Bandwidth Power Out (Typical) Attributes Drawbacks Applications Klystron 0.1 - 300 GHz 10 Kw CW** 10 Mw Pulse High…
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Klystrons, TWTs, and crossed-field devices (ie., magnetrons and crossed-field amplifiers) are the most widely used microwave power tubes…
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Industrial Assessment of the Microwave Power Tube Industry PREFACE The end of the Cold War has brought significant change to the defense…
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Low power magnetrons (for example, the device on the top of a microwave oven) can be as small as a cat food container, while crossed-field…
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Courtesy of Hughes Electron Dynamics Division 1.3.2 Solid-State Power Amplifiers Solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) use transistors, not…
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change, particularly for mid- and higher-frequency applications. 1.3.3. Microwave Power Modules The microwave power module (MPM), developed…
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dimensions are tightly controlled, and specialized manufacturing skills are required, many of which are not readily amenable to automation.…
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microwave input and output signals pass. Beryllium oxide is a carcinogen, the use of which creates health hazards and legal liabilities.…
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ceramics must be accurately positioned before being brazed together.’ Electron 3 Brazing is a materials joining process similar to…
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optics and beam focusing must be virtually perfect to prevent meltdown of anything the electron beam strikes. For example, the electron…
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There may be several sequential brazing operations (which often take place in a continuous product flow furnace) required as the tube…
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performance booklet (including spectrum analysis of the output signal, power output, precise frequency measurement, and complex noise…
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1.4.5 Implications of Application-Unique Product Design, Manufacturing, and Test Lack of Standardization Even within the same facility,…
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Table of Contents PREFACE 0... ceeccecccccsesscseeeesceeeseeecseeessceesesecseeescsaescsesseseeseeesseeesseeesasees i TABLE OF CONTENTS...…
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wide differences in microwave power tube designs and manufacturing equipment and processes within the industry, the DoD would face some…
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Section 2.0 - Microwave Power Tube Sales 2.1 Introduction Historically, military purchases have accounted for the majority of world-wide…
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Klystron/Gyrotron Helix TWT Crossed-Field Figure 7: U.S. and Non-U.S. Manufacturer Microwave Tube Sales (1995) Source: EIA/Industry Data…
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period, DoD purchases declined 68 percent (from $570 million to $180 million) and U.S. manufacturer non-DoD sales declined 25 percent (from…
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Electronic Warfare Communications Industrial Heating Scientific Figure 10: U.S. Microwave Tube Sales (FY95) by Application Area Source:…
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Section 3.0 - Requirements 3.1 DoD Requirements Early microwave power tube development was driven by the military needs of the Second World…
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provides the most detailed forecasts of the three Services. The Army does not provide similar forecasts. Figure 11 summarizes the number of…
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3.2 DOE Requirements. DoD and DOE microwave power tube applications employ complementary industrial capabilities. Although differing…
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The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is a high energy physics research laboratory operated by Stanford University under a contract…
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the next 40 years, approximately 45 tubes will be repaired and 25 new tubes purchased each year. Each new klystron/klystrode is projected…
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3.0 REQUIREMENTS ........cccecccecccssceseessesscssesssesesesecsseseeeseesesesesesensees 21 3.1 DoD Requirements .00...... cee…
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Section 4.0 - U.S. Microwave Power Tube Industry 4.1 Manufacturers Microwave power tube manufacturers usually are lower-tier suppliers…
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CPI and Litton manufacture a full range of microwave power tubes. Each of the remaining manufacturers generally specializes in a particular…
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output section, further lowering the amount of heat to be removed during tube operation. U.S. industry representatives have stated that…
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PRODUCTION WORKERS ENGINEERING PERSONNEL Figure 13: Microwave Power Tube Industry Personnel Source: EIA Previously, microwave tube…
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will be inhibited by flat world-wide demand projections for microwave power tubes. Further engineering workforce drawdowns may hinder U.S.…
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The suppliers cover the spectrum from small privately-owned companies to business units within major corporations. For example, Union City…
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characteristics which make it ideal for helix support rods. Helix support rods conduct heat from the helix to the shell of the TWT while…
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has indicated that it may discontinue production of specialized tungsten wire to concentrate on its lighting customers. 4.3 Conclusions…
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Section 5.0 - Technology Investments 5.1 Introduction Military system requirements have been the primary drivers for product and process…
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8.0 CONCLUSIONS... ccccceccececeeessceeeesessecessccsessascssseseseseesssenssenesenes 55 8.1 Characteristics of the IMCUStry…
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120 100 + @e 807 —+— OEM wo ° —m- Govt. az 604 = ——». Company & 404 —<— Total Figure 15: Microwave Tube Manufacturer R&D Investments…
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The decline in total R&D to the industry has been driven by significant decreases in government funding (from $54 million in 1985 to $7…
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continued direct DoD investments probably will be required to develop new military microwave power tube products, and upgrade existing…
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generally, the program was designed to maintain vacuum electronics research capabilities in the academic sector through enhanced support of…
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Current Year Dollars (Millions) Year Army Navy A. F. DARPA | BMDO Total Phase 1988 2.16 2.85 1.19 - 2.35 8.55 1989 1.96 5.12 1.40 - 3.09…
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the program, primarily sustained by increases in the Navy S&T budget, to $18.9 million in FY03. As shown in Figure 17, the Navy provides…
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efficiency low-noise operation in breakthrough packaging. The most aggressively packaged MPM (7.5 in3, liquid cooling) delivered more than…
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fabrication. These projects are expected to reduce design-cycle costs and times dramatically, and improve device performance and…
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Performance Millimeter-Wave Amplifier development effort supports emerging needs for all three Services. Design for Low Cost Design for Low…
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innovative circuit concepts -- the twystron and the klystrode -- which are inductive output amplifiers with potential size reductions and…
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Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure…
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distributed RF circuits; and the investigation of how to exploit these concepts across a wide range of frequencies using both slow-wave and…
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Figure 18: AEGIS Microwave Tube Product Improvement Program Source: U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center 5.4 Conclusions Technology…
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Section 6.0 - Foreign Microwave Power Tube Manufacturers There is a vigorous and growing foreign microwave power tube manufacturing…
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Russia - Istok and Almaz (Saratov) have strong military and civil capabilities in nearly all types of microwave power tubes. Most Russian…
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Section 7.0 - National Security Considerations 7.1 DoD In an increasingly global market, DoD wants to: (1) take full advantage of the…
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3. The DoD Military Critical Technologies List provides a technical foundation for export controls and for technology licensing, and…
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consultation, export license requests for microwave power tubes intended for military applications. Although licenses to export microwave…
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Section 8.0 - Conclusions 8.1 Characteristics of the Industry A. Microwave power tubes are used in a variety of military, civil, and…
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Industrial Assessment of the Microwave Power Tube Industry EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Microwave power tubes are used in a variety of military,…
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E. As sales declined 62 percent between 1985 and 1995, the U.S. microwave power F. tube industry downsized significantly. ¢ Production…
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8.3 DOE Activities A. DoD and DOE microwave power tube applications employ complementary industrial capabilities. The same manufacturers…
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requirements. However, absent increased sales for DoD applications, continued direct DoD investment will be required to develop new…
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. DoD will designate the Navy as its Executive Agent (EA) to monitor the U.S. microwave power tube industry and ensure that industrial…
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APPENDIX A References 1._Microwave Tubes: A National Security Concern, report of the DoD Advisory Group on Electron Devices (AGED), May…
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APPENDIX B Component and Material Suppliers BRUSH WELLMAN INC. - Brush Wellman is located in Cleveland, OH, and manufactures engineered…
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Associates division in Lexington, Kentucky. Fused silica products are produced at Ceradyne’s Thermo Materials division in Scottdale, GA.…
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approximately 20 percent of the structural and electronic ceramics market, estimated at nearly $1 billion, and approximately 3 percent of…
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Other civil agencies and commercial customers use microwave power tubes for a wide variety of radar, telecommunications, medical therapy,…
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OSRAM-SYLVANIA, INC. - Osram-Sylvania, Inc., (OSI) located in Towanda, PA, is a subsidiary of Osram GMBH, Munich Germany. It is considered…
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antiquated. There are no current or projected R&D investments. The company projects increasing employment from 38 to 45. Union City…
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emitting surface, by sputtering, to enhance the performance of the cathode. The essential raw materials and critical components utilized…
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their Cleveland plant. CSM’s customer base for this product includes Hughes, CPI, Northrop Grumman, and Eureka X-ray. CSM has several…
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1999. There are currently no environmental issues which could impact magnet production. EEC states that it is the only producer in the…
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B-9
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APPENDIX C Types of Microwave Power Tubes Klystrons The klystron generally is referred to as a “linear beam” device because it utilizes a…
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highly specialized klystrons in exotic scientific applications to power particle accelerators for pure scientific investigation and for the…
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$2,000 and $25,000, depending on required power level and bandwidth. TWTs for satellite applications can cost several hundred thousands of…
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Microwave power tube sales have declined, primarily due to reductions in defense spending. Historically, military purchases have accounted…
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amplifies an input signal. The input signal is launched on the slow wave structure, or delay line. The signal propagates along the delay…
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APPENDIX D Utilization of Foreign Sources The end of the Cold War has brought dramatic changes to the relationships between the Department…
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with appropriate approvals. A decision to exclude foreign sources from a defense procurement on mobilization base considerations (that is,…
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need to protect classified or unique technologies or products; this must be determined by individual circumstance. ¢ Suppliers that cannot…