PROJECT BLUE BOOK

PROJECT 10073 RECORD CARD

1. DATE 2. LOCATION
14 Jul 62 Evanstor, Jllinois

3. DATE-TIME GROUP
202 0DLS

4. TYPE OF OBSERVATION

0 eae rrr

12. CONCLUSIONS

oo00

=

Was Balloon
Probably Balloon
Possioly Balloon

‘ Was Aircraft
Local Savers © Ground- Vi sual G Ground-Rader Q Probably Aircraft
. a ae aE 1) 0 Air Vi sval D Air-intercept Radar GO Possibly Aircraft
5. PHOTOS 6. SOURCE © Was Astronomical
O Yes O Probably Astronomical
{8 Ne Civilian | O Possibly Astronomical
7. LENGTH OF OBSERVATION 8. NUMBER OF OBJECTS | 9. COURSE O Other
0 In oe Data for Evaluction
"iss one =e .
10. BRIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING 11. COMMENTS
size of 707 & like 707 w/lights Ll cha ties o
1. Yel ks 3. stim 4 AAT 1. 3 t¢ Phin
bak? neuve Ko sh i mtradictey t 27 3 as afi
7
|
ATIC FORM 329 (REV 26 SEP $2)
ee

Sie aE il tl fp an ine Bs a tm — eee eer ,
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Official U.S. Air Force

Page 5

27. In the following sketch, imagine that you ore at the point shown. Place an A” on the curved line to show how high the object
wes above the horizon (skyline) when you first saw it. Place a “B” on the some curved line to show how high the object was

above the horizon (skyline) when you last saw it. Place an “A” on the compass when you first sow if. Place a “B” on the com-
poss when you last sow the object.

75°

28. Draw a picture that will show the motion that the object or objects made. Place an “A” at the beginning of the path, a "B” at
the end of the path, and show any changes in direction during the course. DIS PPPEAL ED

29. IF there was MORE THAN ONE object, then how many were there?__
Drow a picture of how they were crranged, and put an arrow to show the direction that they were traveling.

G9

i
C

UFO form continued |

30. Have you ever seen this, or a similar object before. If so give date or dates and location.

31. Was anyone else with you at the time you saw the object? (Circle One) (Yes )

Gd No

31.1 IF you answered YES, did they see the object too? (Circle One)

in

LAKoO oThees
Miavt

I7 ceonce2aTrT ALTHO AAMBS Ae an T

32. Please give the following information about yourself:

Lost Name First Name

r —
ADDRESS a SOOT eed inat haps
City Zone Stote
TELEPHONE ee pa — ae

Indicate any additional information about yourself, including any special experience, which might be pertinent.

IT Su A MeEdics4cC KHRI TEM 2 EDITOR TZAIMeSY

‘

bre IDES IMAG inwoOS

MN [FOS RAD (S$ A PtYSIC IAD — Aw BOS ev
RETTE R oBSeERER Thav Tt |

33. When and to whom did you report that you had seen the object?

Doy Month Yeor

fVoT PR eu; OAS L

JFO form continued

Page 6

U.S. AIR FORCE TECHNICAL INFORMATION

This questionnaire has been prepared so that you can give the U.S. Air Force as much
information as possible concerning the unidentified aerial phenomenon that you have observed.
Please try to answer as many questions as you possibly can. The information that you give will
be used for research purposes. Your name will mot be used in connection with any statements,

_ conclusions, or publications without your permission. We request this personal information so
that if it is deemed necessary, we may contact you for further details.

—

ic es Os 2. ce

Hours Minutes

(Circle One): A.M, or ( P.M. )

3. Time Zone:

(Circle One): ocfaslacs > ‘ (Circle One): a. Daylight Saving
b. Central b. Standard

‘ ¢. Mountain
d. Pacific
e. Other

4, Where were you when you sow the object?

Pit £4. i. 22 ee Pp.

—- _

Nearest Postal Address

City or Town State or County
7 ee 2O
5. How long was object in sight? (Total Duration) db eo
Hours Minutes Seconds
a. Certain c. Not very sure

or Girly certain >) d. Just a guess
5.1 How was time in sight determined? ATE us

5.2 Was object in sight continuously? Yes No XX _
6. What was the condition of the sky?
DAY NIGHT
a. Bright o-Grght>
b. Cloudy b. Cloudy
7. IF you saw the object during DAYLIGHT, where was the SUN located as you looked at the object?
(Circle One): a. In front of you d. To your left
b. In back of you e. Overhead
c. To your right f. Don’t remember

FORM |
FID ocré62 164 This form supersedes FTD 164, jul 61, which is obsolete.

——

®. f you saw the objec at NIGHT, whet did you notice concerning the STARS and MOON?

STARS (Circle One):

8.2 MOON (Circle One):

@. Bright aicontgit:
b. Dull moonlight

* e No moonlight—pitch dark
d. Don’t remember :

9. What were the weather conditions at the time you saw the object?
CLOUDS (Circle One):

Clear >

azy

c. Scattered clouds
d. Thick or heavy clouds

10. The object appeared: (Circle One):

a(Sclid > & luhrs d. Asa light
b. Transparent e. Don’t remember

¢. Vapor

os (Circle One):

b. Fog, mist, or light rain
¢. Moderate or heavy rain
d. Snow

e. .Don’t remember

1}. If it appeared as a light, was it brighter than the brightest stars? (Circle One):

. Dimmer

c. About the same
d. Don’t know

11.1 Compare brightness to some common object:

SanAC EXT

THE ORYECT BAPPEMRED (te Agve Seven4sl E77.
iz rc ! 5 A)

12. The edges of the object were:

(Circle One): co, Fuzzy or blurred
b. Like a bright star

c. Sharply outlined
d. Don’t remember

13. Did the object:

224A D

a /

(Circle One for each question)

a. Appear to stand still at any time? Yes No
b. Suddenly speed up and rush away at any time? <Yes No
c. Break up into parts or explode? Yes Bo)
d. Give off smoke? Yes (No >
e. Change brightness? Yes °
'f. Change shape? Yes °
g. Flash or flicker? es / °
h. Disappear and reappear? es > ‘ No

Don’t know
Don't know
Don't know
Don’t know
Don’t know
Don’t know
Don't know
Don’t know

£ a3

Eeety

e. Che THE ERES Were Goer
3S CLEB?R cy WsSile AS

Soe OFA CAR Cn THE

19. Draw a picture that will show the shape of the ojos objects. Label and include in your sketch any details of the object

_ Official U.S. Air Force

Poge 3

14. Did the object disoppear while you were watching it? If so, how? yes ‘ By Pec fe sve vet
Quikly lwro THE yy STr4are

15. Did the object move behind something ot any time, particularly a cloud?
(Circle One): Yes ( No’) Don’t know. IF you answered YES, then tell what

it moved behind:

16. Did the object move in front of something at any time, particularly a cloud?
S)

(Circle One): Yes No 7 Don't know. IF you answered YES, then tell what

in front i il Se TEE a

17. Tell in a few words the following things about the object: mo]

oa. Sound :

py iv: TE {ie Cleese |

b. Color

18. We wish to know the angular size. Hold a match stick at arm’s length in line with a known object and note how much of the
object is covered by the head of the match. If you had performed this experiment ct the time of the sighting, how much of
the object would have been covered by the match head? _

that you saw such as wings, protrusions, etc., and especially exhaust trails or vapor trails. Ploce on arrow beside the d

to show the direction the object was moving. y+, 3 p per sr iGvr te ~ SNA PED, |

\

a ™
J

UFO form continued

Page 4

a
| 20. Do you think you can estimate the speed of the object?
| * (Circle One) vs ( Ne), SxC EPT Ea area tee Lt ald
| IF you onswered YES, then what speed would you estimate?
21 . Do you think you can estimate how far away from you the object was?
(Circle One) No
IF you answered YES, then how far away would you say it was? 00 - foo rt
22. Where were you located when you sow the object? 23. Were you (Circle One)
(Circle One): |
a. In the business section of a city?
a. Inside a building be In the the residentio! section of a city? _Faen ad
b. Inacar c. In open countryside? See vite
MS % fe) utdoors > d. Neor an oirfield?
y In an airplane (type) e. Flying over a city?
. Atsea f. Flying over open country?
| as ausat Bt R he’ Cr Theos = g. Other
Ce at &)e ~

24. IF you were MOVING IN AN AUTOMOBILE or other vehicle at the time, then complete the following questions: ‘
24.1 What direction were you moving? (Circle One)

a. North c. East e. South g. West
i b. Northeast d. Southeast f. Southwest h. Northwest

24.2 How fast were you moving?___>_-_E miles per hour.

24.3 Did you stop at any time while you were looking at the object?

(Circle One) Yes No fv Oo
25. Did you observe the object through any of the following?
a. Eyeglasses Yes N . e. Binoculars : Yes o> at
b. Sun glasses Yes No f. Telescope Yes ° oh ae
c. Windshield Yes No g. Theodolite ‘Yes No .
d. Window gloss Yes ‘ae h. Other _- re | ; Sek

26. In order that you can give as clear a picture as possible of what you saw, describe in your own words a common object or ob-
jects which, when placed up in the sky, would givethe some appearance as the object which you saw.

Pr Ba Cliores Ye eee TED Evo i2z Atos
Cia AR oe Pea- Ped.

No Case (Information Onl") 7 July 1962
invareargill, New Zealand

Source: APRO Bulletin July 1963

——

Antarctica Sightings
Cerroborated

Thirteen yearoid newspaper boy, Vark
Chacmnyg ct Dabymole Street. invarcar
gi. \%. 4. ceported seeing a ciuster of
three tights af 7:05 p.m. on 7 July 1962.
‘See APR(! Bulletin for May 198, Page
3S. and vorreet stchting date to 7 July
instead of Yas stated) The boy reported |
that be acd a friend were standing aut
side on a treet when the object trav-
ersed '*r northern sector of the sk
com west ‘yo east. It traveled fast, berg
nw fight oo more then 3 minufeés and
iepeares 'o be losing altitude as it trav
‘ed eastward, Wark said the object wp-
peared io be three separate white iehis

hat Slashes: of ana aff, the centér ight

- a —

Tema ofigater than se otAers.
{ Seth Slond farmer who dw ones
Sy ttettiLiel reperted seeing a
ipary . npiee?r st <.55 Dim. on the
oe ' he chet De vreneorteot wa
ie bier whe Beliteast, Wan exe |
: |
: 5 pet i coer. 1% .
‘sare on Se all tide ana retias-
|e & +f : i FOUTS. OF OFarge and
green as it passe gver the Wendam dis
triet. The oterer did not hbebeve he
as - s@” “4? +e? * - s¢ wr 4 34 a heA | ai . rita’ e

4s ont Gai frewere nis Informacion (5

33 ! ‘* «+
ft gf mee! 3a Ith:

“Mystery Satellite” Sighted Ne

Hong Kong, 9 July 1962. Local resi-
dent R. I. Hobson reported that he had
seen an object which gave off a brightt
white light, twice in two hours on the
evening of 8 July. The “Bangkok World’
from which this information is taken,
reported that Hobson said the object
traveled from south to north over the
colony and took about 15 minutes to
cross the sky. (Russian and American
satellites take roughly 20 plus minutes
for transit).

wi ze ,

be Lt lis }

=

REPLT TO
ATTN OF: CRT

SUBJECT: Unidentified Flying Objects

TO: Air Technical intelligence Center
United States Air Forse
Wrignt-Petterson Air Force tase, Vhio

1, The following information as outlined in Paragraph 15, AFR 200-2 is

submitted for your information,

a. Description of the Object (s): Ce

le ifke 707 wita lights on
20 Size of 707

Location of Observer(s):

EAT ET

36 Lichts were yellow (very bright) £e Identifying Info on Observer(s):
he ne ,
3 “nknown :
: Visloncenk * Collection & office man, dk:
' Unkrown as Lt. in, sxmy in bellons
i eee g. Weather ahd Winds
9. Wy en he went 47ro°' eh 15: As tre sug ntg
Gid rot blec 1%. " Uver cest
b. Description of Coursé of Bh Urdaicien
Object(s): ss Unkrow
unknown
1. 30 meny Lichts én object Z snknown

Zs 2 500-56 Be
3+ went over ~'sere, then oe

he
5. Unknown he
Or 5 inin
i i.
¢, Manner of Observation:
4.
1. ‘round visual k
3, » lew nower .
‘ 1,
d. Time and Date of Sighting:
3° 2030 Did ik dvly 1902

eg

Wheel

THOMAS A. ATEQUIS
Base Operations Offive

d .
i: a

> en a ~
atrat Iw? ‘

?.

vnknown
Unknown
Unimown
Unknown
Uninewn

Unknewn

(Could see cleari;) -

—— - ¥

No Case (#nformation Only) ll July 1962
Dunedin, New Zealand

“NEW 2babaNd: The Otago Daily Times e-rricg
the following a account on 7=12-62. "A many
celcrad ball of Licht dip flasha! over
bunecin and spresroc. to Rover over the sca
to tHe Souths This hepienes cn 7ell-52 xt
1:10 Fue Tre usurl fircbell explanation
‘eg mole Dy sn astrencner, ir. 3..5essink,
Gesirisud 76 As & "Oive DB: > vroceedud by
Pe a.

- OPicht flasht. igs RR. Clark, was in his

ca cd the Beath 7% Otte Se Tie sond
nt wets wore Dit wh oy S Sttohge grcun

12 hte. dhe object chenied to rec ant then

+. slue .% reculor intervals snd was still

thar ofcer o Tew minvtcs."

— . 6g ake om

No Case (Information Only) 12 July 1962
Camp Lakota, Illinois

a

eee eens mares —e

too SO cen seceoed ted ;
INOIS. «ee edn object which changed di- ©

rection faster than would be possible with.

@ regular aircraft, was sishted by fvar
faster than would be possible with
regular aircraft, was sighte i tour | Coy Scouts and three staff mambers of

boy scouts and three staff members of | Camp Lakota in Illinois on 12 omy L768,
Camp Lakota in Illinois on 12 July 1962, IM a letter addressed to Prof C. Léeney, :
In a letter addressed to Professor Charles _ Physics Proffessor at Defiance College, |

Maney, Physics Professor at Defiance |. f fiance ve
Eales, the JC, Holly famiy of De | thie description!

f ton:
jance gave this description: The first object sighted was life a

The first object sight i |
cigar with a pointed sat The weet | Cigar with a pointed tail. The next ob-

jects seen were shaped the same, but | : jects seen were shaped the same, tut were
Were smaller and appeared to comefrom  S@@ller and appeared to come from the

the larger one, larger one.

The names of the scouts who sighted
the object at 8:30 p.m. on the 12th were
Charles Nelson, Robert Anderson, Ron-
nie Boweman and LeRoy Hodapp. They
were walking along the Power Dam road
when they saw the objects.

The sightings were reported to Pro- |
fessor Maney, and the following is addi-
tional detail: The boys first thought the
object was a jet, when first seen at
about 30 degrees elevation, but it proved
to be too “globular” in appearance, It.

Boy Scouts Report Sightings
—Others See UFO's Ku

An object which changed direction

’

started to move at a slight angle down
and to their left and grew in size from
a dot to “sigar-shaped.” Shortly a very
bright speck appeared to the right of
the object and stayed stationary while |
the first object remained in motion. A
‘third object suddenly “fired” from
slightly below the second object as if |
it possibly dropped from object number
two. The third object left a bright, clear |
contrail which hung in the air like a jet
trail. It then disappeared behind or into
a cloud and never reappeared.

Shortly thereafter, the first (cigar-
shaped) object changed directions and
began to drop over the horizon, and the
second object also vansihed from sight.

——

oot Oe emmy, .

DATE | LOCATION

17
18
18
18
18
218
18

18-19 Houtydale, Pennsylvania (CASE MISSING) West

19
19.
19
20
22
23
2h
25
25
26
26

29.-

2g
2g
30
30
32

DATE

16
17
16
19
21
26.
26
28
29

29
30
Ian
I~

31

ia : —s -« a | Lp. a« ob — a <

Centerville, Ohio

. Meriden, Connedticut..

~Kansas City, Missouri.
- Bremerton, Washington
Culebra Island, Caribbean

‘Duluth, Minnesota

- Edgerton, Wisconsin

9b a
16 + 31 JULY( SIGHTINGS

“OBSERVER
Dayton, Ohio ee ee
00.498 170.24W (Pacific) - Military
Toledo, Spain ee ed

ea
—_—

‘Dayton, Ohio
Dunbar, Pennsylvania

Blind River, Canada

- Southern France e
Metuchen, New. Jersey -

Westville, Indiana’
ie
stg.
ilitary

=

Silver Grove, Kentucky

-Langley AFB, Virginia i

Fairborn, Ohio

ekene
Military

ae

Re ery

Military

34.42N 163.40E (Pacific)
31.06N 32.18E (Atlantic)

34.15N 153.28E (Pacific)
Ocean Springs, Mississippi
34.00N 163.50 (Pacific)

ADDITIONAL REPORTED SIGHTINGS (NOT CASES)

LOCATION SOURCE
Loerie, South Africa News Clipping
Illinois ‘’ :
Cleveland, Ohio <p te ae
Asheboro, N. C. i ‘:

Newport, Rhode Island E
Weymouth, Mass- } ii 3
Parana, Argentina © ata ‘i ?
Northampton, Onio , does
Northampton, Ohio *
Lincoln, Wisconsin. ; ; E
Tilinois 3
Cruz Alta, Brazil

Western Washington

- “~ “

EVALUATION

SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
AIRCRAFT

Astro (JUPITER)
AIRCRAFT

Astro (CAPELLA)
SATELLITE
INSUFFICIENT DATA
UNIDENTIFIED
SATELLITE
INSUFFICIENT DATA
INSUFFICIENT DATA
Astro (METEOR)
INSUFFICIENT DATA
AIRCRAFT

Astro. (METEOR)
Astro (VENUS)
BALLOON
INSUFFICIENT DATA
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
UNIDENTIFIED
SATELLITE

EVALUATION

1. ‘oo many lights (no flashing lights)

©, Black patten passing ecross the object « had rhythn (front to reer)
io sou

3e

20

Age 14

glesses bleck out pattern went from reor to front.

~™% ae a

PROJECT 10073 RECORD CARD

12. CONCLUSION.

2. LOCATION

0 Was Bolloon
Probably Balloon
Possibly Balloon

- hee

4. TYPE OF OBSERVATION
Wos Aircraft

)
o
o
O Prebsbly Aircraft
2)
0

3. DATE-TIME GROUP
ee nl

0 Ground-Rodor

&& Ground-Vi sual
Possibly Ai reraft

OD Air-intercep! Radar

GMT 16/0230Z O Air Visuol

5. PHOTOS aos %. SOURCE Was Astronomical

; O Yes Probably Astronomical

| oe _ 36) No D Possibly Astronomical

| | 7. LENGTH OF OBSERVATION 8. NUMBER OF OBJECTS 9. COURSE O Other —————
xx rice Data for Evaluation
nknown

not rptd one not rptd
11. COMMENTS

L—-

10, BRIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING

Insufficient data for evalua-
tion given in wt.

:

Orange disc, spinning & hovering.
Disappeared 15 seconds later.

;
’

a

ATIC FORM 329 (REV 26 SEP 52)

COMBAT READINESS TRAINING OPERATIONS
6TH TROOP CARRIER SQUADRON, MEDIUM (RESERVE)
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
O'HARE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Chicago 66, Illinois

REPLT TO
ATTN CF: CRT

SUBJECT: Unidentified Flying Objects

wis Air Technical Intelligence Center

United States Air Force
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Vhio

1. The following information as outlined in Paragraph 15, AFR 200-2 is
submitted for your information,

a, Description of the Object(s): e. Location of Observer(s):
1. Disk . Evanston
2e Unknown
3. Urange f. Identifying Info on Observer(s):
4. Une

i ae meee

Q, ~ pinning ™

(. Hovering aes , Chiceso
GO, Unknewn B+ ——

4 o« ps
7« Unknown

1. Unimowm
b, Deseription of Course of . 2% tninowm
Object(s): 28 UnHown
Le ; Un'«nown
1. Unimown 50 | Unknown ie
e. Hoverinze above trees 6, Jnknewn
3+ Unkrovr To Unknown |
he Cisappeared ot hich s seed |
2” i nknown he Unknown

- 15 sec, later j; |
c, Manner of Observation:
ds Visual

2+ Unknown : k, Unknown
3. Unknown

d. Time and Date of Sighting:

a 0230 ZULU 16 July 62, 0300 ZULU 16 July 62

i, Mag

f

Pie Ae tS 2
er

'<"" Base Operations Officer

ae ef

of outstanding living scientists who are explor-
ing new frontiers in various fields,

Recent Procress tN Hormone Researcn:
The Proceedings of the 1961 Laurentian Hor-
mone Conference—Gregory Pincus, Ed.—Aca-
demic Press, $35 Pre illus., $15.00, Deals mainly
with hormonal Po ypeptides and their functional
activities, and thyroid, parathyroid and steroid
hormones.

Tue Sctentiric Basis or Ittuminatine En-
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p., illus., paper, $2.85. Deals mainly with basic
principles.

Sourp-Stare Computer Cracurts: Computer
Basics, Vol. 6—Technical Education and Man-
agement, Inc.—Sams, 224 p., illus., paper, $4.95.
Practical treatment of transistorized logic arith-
metic circuits and magnetic-core devices.

Some Aspects of Neuroanatomy—V. N.
Ternovskii, Ed., transl, from Russian—Consult-
ants, 181 p., illus., $15.00. Collection of articles
devoted to the study of the anatomy of the
central and peripheral nervous system.

Taxe SwHares, Lines ano Letters: New
Horizons in Mathematics—Jeanne Bendick and
Marcia Levin—Whittlesey House, 79 p., illus.
by Jeanne Bendick, $2.75. Introduces youngsters
to mathematics, without numbers, and to shapes,
lines, angles and letters,

TECHNOLOGICAL PLANNING ON THE CorPoRATE
Lever—James R. Bright, Ed.—Harvard Univ.
Grad. School of Business, 253 p., paper, $3.50.
Proceedings of 1961 conference which evaluated
the effects of technological innovation on indus-
‘rial management.

Terevision Simpiirtep—Milton S. Kiver—
‘un Nostrand, 6th ed., 637 p., illus., $9.95.
Sompletely revised to incorporate the important
advances in TV receivers since 1955, including
new chapter on remote-control systems.

Transistor Mancatc—J. E, Cleary, Ed.—
General Eleceric, Syracuse, 6th ed., 440 p., illus.,
paper, $2. Comprehensive handbook, includes
signal diodes, covers basic semiconductor theory,
applications, circuits and specifications.

Uses or Ixeintry—Leo Zippin—Random
House, 151 p., diagrams, paper, $1.95. Written
by a mathematician for high school student and
layman, emphasizing the process of thinking
through and solving problems.

Warter-Sorvsce Restvs—Robert L. Davidson
and Marshal! Sittig, Eds.—Reinhold, 209 p.,
$7.50. Essential data and information on the
many diverse polymeric materials having the
common property of water solubility.

Tre Ways or tHe Arr—Roger Pilkington—
Criterion Bks, 192 ‘p., photographs, diagrams,
33.95. Readable account of the scientific con-
cepts of the atmosphere and weather phenom-
ena, for the general reader.

Wat Russian Screntists Say Asout Faut-
out—A. V. Lebdedinsky, Ed., transl. from Rus-
sian, new introd. by James F. Crow—Collier
Bks, 124 p.. paper, 95¢. Includes technical
papers as well as opinions of Soviet scientists.

WorksHops ror tHe Wortp: The United Na-
tions Family of Agencies—Graham Beckel with
Felice Lee—d/elard-Schuman, rev, ed., 285 p.,

ae 7.*

ee (coats

—— ee

— ee 2 * 7.

Uribe ant ww pemttea. The former has
the shape of a cone; it tapers to a point
at about the distance of the earth from
the moon. At the phase of new moon, it is
always in the same direction from earth as
the sun, but generally the shadow, both
umbra and penumbra, passes either north
or south of our planet and there is no
eclipse.

But even when the point of the conical
umbra is aimed opi toward the earth,
there may not be a total solar eclipse. How-
ever, sometimes the tip of the shadow does
reach our globe, Then it traces out a band,
perhaps a hundred miles wide and several
thousand miles long, where the total eclipse
is visible. Around it is a much. larger region,
ter the penumbra se — =f which

can see a partial eclipse ¢ sun.

But at other A alr as July 3l—the
tip of the inner shadow is pointed toward
the earth but does not reach us. In other
words, the moon is far enough away that
its apparent. disc is smaller than the sun’s.
And even though the moon may come in
front of the sun, that body is not completely
hidden. A ring of the solar surface remains
visible around the lunar disc. The Latin for
ring is “annulus,” so this is called an annu-
Jar (not annual) eclipse.

On July 31, the path of the annular eclipse

starts as the sun is rising in the interior of |

Venezuela. It passes eastward, over Brazil
and the Guianas, the Atlantic Ocean and
Centra! Africa, ending just east of Mada-
gascar at sunset. A larger area will experi
ence « partial eclipse. This includes northern
Sout America, Florida (where the sun
wil! rise eclipsed), the Adantic Ocean, all
of Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Spain,
‘Sicily, part of Arabia, and the western
Indian Ocean, :

Celestial Time Table for July
luly. EST

(tie am.) Mercury farthest west of sun
6:33 pan. New moon
r Earth farthest from sun, cis.
tunee 04.953.000 miles
5 tree ain. Moon passes Venus
S  ctieooam, Moen tarthesr, distance
281.300 iniles
9 6:30 pam. Moon in first quarter
iy) 6:41, a.m. Full moon (penumbral
eclipse)
20 = §:00 am. Moon nearest, distance
227.000 miles
1:00 p.m. Moon passes Jupiter
23 11:19 p.m. Moon in last quarter
24 11:00 p.m. Moon passes Mars

29 ~—s early a.m. Meteors visible radiating from |

constellation of Aquarius
310 732s am. New moon (annular eclipse)
2:00 p.m. Neptune nearest earth,
distance $30,700,000 miles

Substract one hour for CST, two hours for
MST. and three hours tor PST.

* Science News Letter, 81:394 June 23, 1962

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ASTRONOMY

Screnck News Levine for Jane 23, 1962

LA A, peaCSE

Three Planets Now on View

Three planets, Venus in the west, Jupiter in the east
and Saturn higher and farther to the south will appear in
the July evening sky, James Stokley reports.

® FOLLOWING the carly part of 1962,
When no planets were on view in the eve.
ning sky, we now have three that are easily
visible. These are shown on the accom-
panying maps, which give the appearance
of the skies at about 10 p.m., your own
kind of standard time, an hour earlier at
the middle of the month and two hours
earlier at the end. (Add one ‘hour for day-
light saving time.)

The brightest of the trio is Venus, which
remains visible low in the west for about
two hours after sunset. Venus is now so
brilliant (magnitude minus 3.6 on the astro-
nomical scale) that it appears long before
any other star or planet.

Later in the evening, as Venus is about
to descend below the western horizon, Jupi-
ter appears above the eastern. It ts about
a quarter as bright as Venus, which sull
makes it many times brighter than any of
the other planets, Later during the night
Jupiter will be more easily seen as tt climbs
higher in the sky, in the constellation of
Aquarius, the water carrier.

A little higher than Jupiter and farther
south—across the border in the next-door
constellation of Capricornus, the sea-goat—
the third planet of July evenings is visible.
This is Saturn, now about a fifeeth as
bright as Venus. Even so it equals « oright
Rrstunagnitude star.

Antares Appears in South

As for the stars, which shine by thetr own
light (unlike the planets which are visiile
because of the sunlight they reflect to us),
one that is very characteristic of evenings
iN summer appears low in the south. This is
Antares, in the group called Scorpius, the
scorpion, The red color of the star makes it
easy to identify. To the right of this group
is a rather faint constellation—Libra. the
scales—and to the right of it is Virgo, the
Virgin. Here there is another bright star,
also first magnitude, called Spica. And
above Virgo, in Bootes, the herdsman, is
sull another: Arcturus.

High in the eastern sky—nearly overhead,
in fact—is brilliant Vega, in Lyra, the lyre.
Below it, and a little to the right, is Deneb,
in Cygnus, the swan, Both of these stars
are shown on the map of the northern sky.
But near them, to the left of Deneb, and
shown on the southern map, is Altair, in
Aquila, the cagle. Vega, Aleur and Deneb
form a large and conspicuous triangle in
the eastern sky these evenings.

Look to the northwest to see the familiar
group oof seven stars in’ Ursa Major, the
bec, cAlled the reat ipper in the
Lnitect States and Chourles’s Wain in’ kang
Lined. Alkoid, Mizar Alioth) Qnone as

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handle of the dipper. Dubhe and Merak
form the bowl. They are called the pointers,
because they indicate the direction of Polaris,
the pole star, which is in Ursa Minor, the
little bear.

On July | Mercury is farthest west of the
sun, and can be seen above the eastern
horizon for a few mornings around this
time just before sunrise.

Mars is now approaching earth and has
reached first magnitude brightness. It is in
Taurus, the bull, and rises in the east about
three hours ahead of the sun.

Neptune is closest in July, at a distance
of 830,700,000 miles on the 3lst, when it
will be directly opposite the sun. But al-
though it is in Libra, its magnitude is 7.7,
too faint to be seen with the naked eye.

And on July 4 the earth is at “aphelion,”
or farthest from the sun for the year, at
a distance of 94,453,000 miles. Despite this
we are now having summer in the North-
ern Hemisphere, because the sun now climbs
high into our sky and its rays fall more
directly on the ground than they do in
winter. And it takes longer from sunrise to
sunset, which also increases its heating effect.

Although July brings two eclipses, prob-

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ably few of our readers will see either of
them. The first, on July 17, is a “penum-
bral” eclipse of the moon. T he second comes
July 31, when there is an “annular” eclipse
of the sun,

The shadow of the earth, and the moon
as well, is in two parts. In the center is the
dark “umbra,” where the earth would com.
pletely block the sun’s light on the moon.
Around this is the “penumbra,” where the
planet blocks out only part of the sun's light.

Full Moon Opposite Sun

Every time the moon is full, it is in the
opposite part of the sky from the sun. Then
its entire sunlit half is visible to us. Gen-
erally, however, it passes completely above
or below the shadow. Sometimes, however,
as it does in July and August, it enters the
penumbra, but not the umbra, and this is
a penumbral eclipse.

On other occasions, part of the moon
enters the umbra, which causes a_ partial
lunar eclipse. And sometimes there is a total
eclipse, when it is completely immersed in
the umbra. With an umbral eclipse, either
partial or total, the shaded part of the moon
is noticeably darkened. But when it enters
the penumbra, as it will on July 17, there
is still so much sunlight falling upon it that
it shines almost as usual. Only a keen eve

can detect that it is somewhat dimmed.
The moon's shadow,

too, has both an

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NUTRITION

Location of Milk
In Store Changes Taste

>» THE TASTE of milk bought in grocery
stores can depend on where the carton is
located on the display shelf, three University
of California food scientists have found.

Light from white fluorescent lamps, the
kind commonly used in grocery display
cases, can change the taste of milk even in
cardboard cartons, However, the unpleasant
flavor develops only in the outside cartons
close to the lamp, and sometimes does not
develop at all.

“Some of cartons and some lamps
are worse than others,” Walter Dunkley
told the Institute of Food Technologists
meeting in Miami Beach, Fla. The effects
are hard to pin down, he reported, and the
flavor change can be confused with others.

Temperature, length of exposure, fresh-
ness of the milk, the cow’s diet and many
other factors also can affect development of
light favor, which occurs under commercial
conditions often enough to create an occa-
sional milk quality problem.

The flavor changes created by fuores-
cent lamps are similar to those caused by
sunlight, which have been known for vears.
Nutrient value of the milk is also reduced
by prolonged exposure to high-intensity
fluorescent light.

J. D. Franklin and R. M. Pangborn., also
of the University of California, cooperated
with Mr. Dunkley in the milk-flavor studies.

* Science News Letter, 81:393 June 23, 1942

SOCIOLOGY

Fla., Calif., Great Lakes
Rival E. Coast in 1980

>» THREE WIDESPREAD urban areas will
challenge the Atlantic Seaboard region in
population within 20 years.

The Great Lakes region extending from
Green Bay, Wis., to Rochester, N. Y., with
an estimated 37,000,000 persons in 1980;
the Florida area from Miami to Tampa-St.
Petersburg, with 10,000,000 and California,
from the Mexican border to San Francisco,
with 27,000,000 persons, will approach the
size of the East Coast strip.

The Atlantic Seaboard, sometimes called
“the city 500 miles long,” extends from
Portland, Me., to Washington, D. C. This
area now contains more than 36,000,000
persons and by 1980 the population should
reach nearly 50,000,000. The area is not
growing as fast as the other three areas,
however.

While the East Coast area is growing
15. each 10 years, other urban communi-
tics are Climbing more than 40° during the
‘ame ume, according to Dr. Jerome L.
Pickard, research director of the Urban

RM ~

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Sctence News Lerrer for Jane 23, 1962

Land Institute, Washington, who has looked
into the future of America’s population.

There are now 21 regions in the country
with a total population of 97,600,000; or
55% of the nation’s population is living
on six percent of the nation's land area, he
said. By 1980 these areas will have 170,000,-
000 persons.

None of the urban regions in the country
are experiencing a population decline, he
pointed out. Thus a new level of thinking
will be required to plan for increased trans-
portation, air and water pollution and many
other necessary items associated with such
an expanding population.

© Science News Letter, 81:393 June 23, 1962

EDUCATION

Method Is Not at Fault
When Johnny Can’t Read

> IF IT IS TRUE that American Johnny
cannot read, it is not because American
schools teach reading primarily by the
“look-say” method to the neglect of the
widely advocated “phonics” method.

This is the conclusion of a conference
of 28 reading specialists supported by the
Carnegie Corporation of New York and
under the chairmanship of Dr. James B.
Conant, well known educator. The report
of the conference, entitled “Learning to
Read,” was issued by the Educational Test-
ing Service at Princeton, N. J.

It is not true, the report declares, that
our schools, in general, use primarily a
“sight-word” method. It is not true that our
schools, in general, do not teach phonics.

The teaching of reading in our schools
is not all uniformly good, the report indi-
cates. Some is excellent, much is good, and
some is poor. But it is not so bad as pictured
by critics who present exceptions as typical
examples.

When reading instruction is not good, the
main reason is not the method. It is the
shortage of good teachers—a plague that
affects all educational institutions from
school to university.

Other reasons are large classes, meager
libraries, inadequate equipment, insufficient
books and supplies, and poor public sup-
port—both moral and financial.

* Science News Letter, 81:393 June 23, 1962

HORTICULTURE

Flowers Fooled With .
Flashing Lights

» FLASHING LIGHTS ‘have been used to
prevent flowers from blooming too soon.

The plants were exposed to artificial flash-
ing lights during one-tenth of the night
but reacted as though it were full day-
light,

Dr. Thomas J. Sheehan, ornamental horti-
culturist at the Florida Agricultural Experi-
ment Stations, has been working with this
system to find out whether fower producers
can keep the flowers from blooming more
economically. The process now requires
the lights fulltime to keep from blooming
until time of greatest market demand.

* Science News Letter, 81:393 June 23, 1962

i ; 293

AUTOMATION

Russia Hopes to Surpass
U.S. via Automation

> THE SOVIET UNION'S main hope of
surpassing U.S. industrial production lies
with the development of adaptive control
or “think” automation, a professor at Pur-
due University, Lafayette, Ind., believes.

This most advanced type of automation,
with machinery which can “look over” a
situation and teach itself to improve, is gain-
ing impetus both in the United States and
Russia, Dr. John E. Gibson, electrical engi-
neer who visited the Soviet’s major auto-
mation research center, said. But the Rus-
sians are necessarily putting more emphasis
on it,

“Russia today has very few Detroit-type
assembly lines and plants,” he explained.
“And the plan is to go from a peasant, job-
shop economy dicectly into a highly auto-
mated factory economy.”

There are six institutes being set up to
automate each of the six leading industries
in Russia. With huge numbers of engineers
being turned out of the universities every
year, they expect to completely skip th
mass production system on which the pres-
ent American economy is based.

Can they do it? Dr. Gibson believes they
can, just as they jumped from behind in
the air to develop the intercontinental bal-
listic missile. He reported these beliefs in
Backgrounder from Purdue.

* Science News Letter, 81:393 June 23, 1962

ASTRONOMY
Test Seen for Einstein’s
Theory of Gravity Waves

>» A CHANCE TO TEST the part of
Einstein’s theory of general relativity that
predicts the existence of gravitational waves
is seen in a mysterious flaring star 900 tril-
lion miles from the sun's system.

The object is Nova Sagittae, which con-
sists of two stars and has the shortest
known period of orbital motion—only 81
minutes are required for one revolution
of the eclipsing system. One is a dense
white dwarf star, the other is not observ-
able optically.

The stars are believed to be rotating
around a common center so fast—1,500,000
miles an hour—that energy is radiated as
gravitational waves. Nova Sagittae is very
faint and astronomers have not been able
to determine whether the second object of
the pair is another dwarf star, or a comet-
like mass of gas circling the dwarf, or a
ring with a lump in it ro@ting around the
white dwarf. The entire system is much
smaller than the sun.

Drs. Robert P. Kraft and Jesse L. Green-
stein of Mt. Wilson and Palomar Observa-
tories, Pasadena, Calif., with Dr. Jon Mat-
thews, California Institute of Technology
physicist, collaborated in pointing out the
significance of Nova Sagittae in proving
part of the general relativity theory. The star
is known as a recurrent nova that flared
nearly to naked eve visibility in 1913 and
L946,

® Science News Letter, 81:393 June 23, 1942