PROJECT BLUE BOOK

1k Oct 61

PROJECT 10073 RECORD CARD

2 LOCATION

les Vegas, New

Mexico

DATE-TIME GROUP

4. TYPE OF OBSERVATION

ne

12. CONCLUSIONS

0 Wes Balloon
0 Probably Balloon
0 Possibly Balloon

Local “Dl Ground- Vi suol 2 Ground-Redor % belo kato .
SAP ian robobly aera
GMT 15951 ey D Air Visuol O Air-Intercept Redar D Possibly Aircroft
5. PHOTOS 6. SOURCE 0 Was Astronomicol_j / f "MEL
0 Yes O* Probobly Astronomic
XD Ne Civilian © Possibly Astronomical
7. LENGTH OF OBSERVATION 8 NUMBER OF OBJECTS | 9 COURSE 0D Other
0D Insufficient Dota for Evaluction
J ; vreey.y 0 Unknown
8 min ] WSW
10, BRIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING 11. COMMENTS we 5
I0J5t x esponsible for sighti ng was probably planpt Jupiter. seription given by witness
is that which is characteristic of 2 planct or ptar distort 2d “By atmospheric refraction. |
Reports state that an inversion existed in areal during time of sighting. Witness never
reported any lateral velocity. Due to fact that] sighting took place in @ mountainous area
this fact pwobably indicates that odjt was lst peen at an elev of 40° but this probably
. - = ia
an error made by typist, copying 10° as 40°
|
All evidence indicated that objt responsible for s sighting was probably planet Jupiter.

ATIC FORM 329 (REV 26 SEP 57)

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

JOINT MESSAGEFORM

UNCLASSIFISD

SPAOB BELOW RESERVED POR COMMUNICATION CENTER

1
j 2 on
i Me f
ene
PRECEDENCE TYPE MSG (Check) ACCOUNTING | ORIG. OR REFERS TO CLASSIFICATION )
SYMBOL OF REFERENCE
ROUFiIne BOOK MULTI SINGLE
AY x

TY HAS BEEN BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF FID THAT THERE WERE SEVERAL
REPORTS OF A UFO SIGHTING IN YOUR AREA, SPECIFICALLY YOUR STATICH.
THERE WAS VERY LITTLE IMFO PASSED TO THIS CRG, THEREFORE REQUEST AN
INVESTIGATION BZ MADZ IM ACCORDANCE WITH AFR 200-2 DTD 14 SEP 59.

ONLY CMS NAME WAS REPORTED, AS FoLLOws: cccT pegiiiog

AN, coco 1.

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

SYMBOL SIGNATURE

oo ea
TYPED NAME AND TITLE (Signature, if required)

TYPED (or stamped) NAME AND TITLE

ami~vS

AMUSMrMA

os as: races EDWARD H. WYNM
SECURITY SERSDIFICATION = = - 1, -

UNCLASSIFIED

MAY 585

Dep for Science & Ccmponents

DD ; FORM 173 REPLACES DOD FORM 173, 1 OCT 49, WHICH WILL BE USED UNTIL EXHAUSTED

Pod

+ wees °

Page 9

U.S. AIR FORCE TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET
(SUMMARY DATA)

In order that your information may be filed and coded os accurately as possible, please use
the following space to write out a short description of the event thot you observed. You may re-
peat information thot you hove already given in the questionnaire, ond add any further comments,
statements, or sketches that you believe ore important. Try to present the details of the observo-

tion in the order in which they occurred. Additional pages of the some size paper moy be attoched
if they are needed.

(Do Not Write in This Space)
CODE:

(Pleese Pri
SIGNATURE

DATE SJ O¢ , & f /22 CO

—— — —- -—_ —--— —

Re Q a ‘ Vv ca an Ce If $ Yow IM a \ 4 bla 4 t NM. ats th < A F
Cs YA WA & Ww 4 PD, ct CewmGevw a ‘ ch oe 7 C Si 5 lL, vw C J a {-
CS CW v gig h hw Cow fF) r 3 A) bh " (' Ly

Wes passed F- haiw,
. ~ a
Theve Were sevtvael reports oS wahis. One sJ x

: a wg 3 pd b« {/ od
he veportad the ob jeor as q& J a - ¥ A

See sighted high aud Xe the HASH oS §; S. ay
Sighting LSA 5 Soe SS wee Bee i orim9 uw hie & e
Obs cet ug ptas ed oe Sask gu |e Marthe + hy

dv vectiom « Addstcuael reports descr. yed M hoe aby Ce F
AS a bas beet ha Il 31Gk oe Wes hk tub Sts eC. Three
AC veo s:té@s aa +e AVL q fw f Wyatt ve VU
Ve (0 vts, Mo RAD Li lx was Simi la y } bye et

Y< Por tiny ¢

; . SEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
ras ( STAFF MESSAGE BRANCH

UNCLASHAID Meo = Tt

—_

INCOMING

AF IN : 21082 (6 Oct 61) G/ns
ACTION: CIN-17
INFO </SAFS-3,)00P-2, OOP-CP-1 (24)

SMB C 2590 _ /
oi
ZCHQD845ZCAMA853 LS ea
Dea
PP RJEZHQ

DE RJEZAMR 1
ZNR
P 0613302
FM 792D ACW SQ NORTH CHARLESTON AFS SC
TO RJWFAL/ ADC ENT AFB COLO
RJEZSN/26TH ARIDIV HANCOCK FIELD NY
RJEDSQ/AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OHIO
RJEZHQ/ HQ USAF WASH 25 DC
RJEZHQ/SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE WASH 29 DC
INFO RJEZAM/WAADS FORT LEE AFS VA
BT
UNCLAS 7920DC @225. UFO
A. DESCRIPTION OF OBJECTS?

1. DISHPAN

2. DISHPAN

3. BRIGHT ORANGE

4. THREE

5. TwO CLOSE - ONE A BIT TO THE EAST

6. NONE

7. NONE

8. NONE

; : DEPARTMENT OF THE All FORCE
ona f STAFF MESSAGE BRANCH (

UNCLASSHIMD mes.- Sf

INCOMING

AF IN : 21082 (6 Oct 61) Pg 2 of 4

PAGE TWO RJEZAMR 1

THE OBJECT TO THE EAST MOVING FASTER THAN

OTHERS,
8. DESCRIPTION OF COURSE OF OBJECTS?

1. BRIGHT COLOR

2e ABOVE A POINT BETWEEN GRANGE NC AND GOLDSBORO NC

S.- DUE NORTH OF GOLDSBORO 48 - 58,000 FT

4. NORTHERLY

ae FADED

6. 5 MINUTES
C. MANNER OF OBSERVATION?

le VISUAL

2. NONE '

Se NONE

—)
.

TIME AND DATE OF SIGHTING?
1. 6 OCT 61 0128Z TO 6 OCT 61 @125Z
2-e NIGHT

"3
°

LOCATION OF OBSERVERS:
1. S529N 7758W GOLDSBORO, N.C.
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION ON OBSERVERS?

1. SGT SMR Hone 2 ENGINEERS, SEYMOUR-JOHNSON AFB,NC
ad

“rj
°

SEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
\ | STAFF MESSAGE ERANCH

UNCLASSWED Mcoy-

INCOMING

AF IN : 21082 (6 Oct 61) Pg 3 of 4

PAGE THREE RJEZAMR 1

MR&MR S QR PARENT S agai rirnt:

G. WEATHER AND WINDS ALOFT CONDITIONS AT TIME AND PLACE OF SIGHTING!

1. CLEAR
2. AT 30,009 - DIR 250 DEGREES 48 KTS 58,009 - DIR 259 DEGREES

45 KTS
5S. CLEAR
4. 10 MILES
3+ NONE
6. NONE
7- NONE
H. NONE
I. NONE
J. ONE A/C TRACKING NORTH IN THE AREA AT THE TIME OF THE SIGHTING,
WAS GOING NORTH OF GOLDSBORO (ID NOT KNOWN)
Ke SENIOR DIRECTOR - ALPHA CREW 791ST ACW SQ., FORT FISHER AFS,
NC 701ST HRI - ROCP. 614 ACW SQ CHERRY POINT, NC MEASURED SAME A/C
AT 20,080 FT. COULD HAVE BEEN ABOVE A/C ALTHOUGH LIGHTS SHOULD NOT
HAVE APPEARED THE SIZE OF DISHPANS WHEN SEEN AT 20,900 FT FROM
THE GROUND
L. NONE

No Case (Information Only) 6 October 1961
Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

>” , ; . F = wFO
Lib On October 6, 1951 a tragedy occured when an enormous
Saye i appeared over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, casting its glare on ——
net fishing boats. Dozens of terrified fishermen leaped overboard.e Ona
man, Bartolme Romero, went down in the frantic swim for safety-

The othor made shore, unnerved by tho encounter. iceman

yFO'S Cause”
ne- Death

Ya the past atx tponths UFO lise
approaches have led m one observer’s |
death and have badly frightened other
witnesses in the U.S, andSouwthAmerica, .

At Santa Rita, Venezuela, a fisherman

drowned when he and panic-stricken
companions jarnped from their boazs as
a huge, glowing object approached. *

~ <b By .*% abet lw
eS SI tarp mr x roo
Pe Aeok as A SS } a 4

”

g2 &

It wag Oct. 6, 1961, about 11 p.m., |
When the enormous UFO appeared from |
the oorth, its glow lighring up the town.
As it slowly crossed Lzke Maracaibo,
casting 23 glare on the fishing boats,
dozens of terrified fishermen leaped
overboard, One man, Bartoime Romero,
weat down in the frantic swim for safery. |
The others made shore, unnerved by the
‘.

> ~~ es _ -* ig6 4
Sant RES, ‘alatmed inhabitants
watched the strange object pass slowly
over the ~ The UFO was yisible five .
minutes before it vanished to the south, |
leaving a reddish, exhaust-like trail.
(This slow operation roles out any fire- |
ball or meteor answer. The source and |
purpose of this apparently controlled
device remain wezplained.) .._ . a

REPLY TO
ATTN OF:

SUBJECT:

TO:

HEADQUARTERS

4500TH AIR BASE GROUP

AIR FORCE SPECIAL WEAPONS CENTER

UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
Kirtland Alr Force Bose, New Mexico

SWB F
Unidentified Flying Object Report 16 NOV 196)
ATIC
Wright#Patterson AFB, Ohio
|. Forwarded herewith, in accordance with paragraphs 3b
and I4b(1), AFR 200#2, is an Unidentified Flying Object
Report,
2. Late receipt of information contained in subject report
is the cause of the delay in submitting this communication.
FOR THE COMMANDER

Sm

eta:

ROBERT B RIVER 1 Atch
AAJOR USAF UFO Rpt 61-2 (Dup)

Pssitant Acmialiaiive Services Officar

LX Zi Oct 61

indianapolis

UNCLAS SCEP 21-847. ALAFSC 511/61

ACTION FOR IO. THE FOLLOWING MESSAGE FROM SAFOI-2 IS QUOTED

FOR YOUR INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE. QUOTE.

CANAIRHED FOR DPR SUBJECT IS GUIDANCE FOR PROCESSIGN OF FLIGHT
DISTURBANCE COMPLAINTS DURING EXERCISE SKY SHIELD. THIS MSE IN

FOUR PARTS. PART ie DURING THE PERIOD 1730Z 14 CCT TO $598Z 15 OCT 61
NORTH AMERICAL AIR DEFENSE EXERCISE SKY SHIELD WILL BE CONDUCTED OVER

THE NORTH AMERICAL CONTINENT NORTH OF THE MEXICAN BORDER. APPROVED BY

| THE GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA AND US THIS LARGE SCALE EXERCISE WILL PROVIDE

| THE NECESSARY FRAMEWORK TO EXERCISE THE NORTH AMERICAN AIR DEFENSE

|

PAGE TWO RJEZFF 78

SYSTEM AS A WHOLE AND IS THUS AN IMPORTANT TRAINING OPERATION ESSENTIAL
TO AEDQUATE DEFENSE READINESS. INT HE INTERST OF SAFETY AND TO PER-
‘MIT FULL UTILIZATION OF THE WHOLE RADAR ELECTRONICS SYSTEM USED

IN AIR DEFENSE, CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITIES HAVE DECIDED TO RESTRICT

WPAB12 ( — Seep ( HS eer Gd
T FTD See LEE Be

is

! y
- U
| C2Z2CSQM529ZCJYE591 97 func IC (ut !
- & << AUG 5] | J 2 92 — fio im
RR RJEDSQ =
DE RJEZFF 738 wi 3
| ZNR — + J » ’
R 2129112 = +f
é |
FM HQ AFSC ANDREWS AFB MD \ = “
TO ALAFSC

: we

I

i

-

= A Se a eee
— _ ,

SIVIL FLIGHTS IN THE EXERCISE AREA DURING SKY SHIELD. ARRANGEMENTS TO
Do so HAVE BEEN MADE IN COOPERATION WITH THE AGENCIES CONCERNED

PART IIe SINCE CONSIDERABLE NUMBERS OF SUPERSONIC AIKCRAFT WILL BE
ENGAGED IT IS REASONABLE TO ASSUME THAT SONIC BOOM DISTURBANCES WILL
OCCUR. THE INVOLVEMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS NOT NORMALLY FREQUENTED
BY SONIC BOOMS, THE VOLUME OF SUPERSONIC OPERATIONS AND THE LATE NIGHT
HOURS ARE FACTORS THAT WILL COMBINE TO GENERATE NUMBEROUS COMPLAINTS
AND/OR INQUIRIESe IT CAN BE EXPECTED THAT MANY OF THE QUERIES WILL BE
DIRECTED BY TELEPHONE TO THE NEAREST AIR FORCE INSTALLATIONe PART II Ie
Ae COMMANDERS, IOS AND OTHER AIR FORCE PERSONNEL RECEIVING SUCH
CUERIES WILL NOT TAKE NEGATIVE APPROACH OR QUOTE PASS THE BUCK UNQUOTEs
IMMEDIATE, COURTEOUS, POSITIVE ACTION TO IDENTFY THE SOURCE AND
EXPLAIN THE CAUSE WITHIN THE PARAMETERS OF PART I ABOVE ARE ESSENTIAL
TO MINIMIZE ADVERSE PUBLIC REACTION. Be IF A POSSIBLE DOUBT

EXISTS THAT THE DISTURBANCE IN GUESTION WAS ACTUALLY

A SONIC BOOM AN IMMEDIATE CHECK WILL BE MADE WITH THE NEAREST AIR

PAGE THREE RJEZFF 78

DEFENSE SECTIOR DIRECTION CENTER TO DETERMINE IF SUPERSONIC FLIGHT
WAS IN FACT CONDUCTED AT THE TIME AND PLACE IN QUESTION. ADC WILL
AUGMENT DIRECTION CENTERS AS NECESSARY WITH QUALIFIED 10 FOR THIS
EVENTUALITY. Ce IN THE EVENT OF DAMAGE TO PRIVATE PROPERTY THE
NEAREST AF CLAIMS OFFICER WILL BE NOTIFIED AND IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE
WILL BE OFFERED IN FILING A CLAIM. De THE AF COMMAND POST WILL BE
NOTIFIED BY MOST EXPEDIOUS MEANS IN CASES OF UNUSUAL AND/OR WIDE-
SPREAD DISTRUBANCE. PAR’ iV. ALL PERSONNL PERFORMIN THE FUNCTION OF

® EXERCISE SKY SHIELD WILL BE BRIEFED ON THE CONTENTS OF THIS MESSAGE.

DIRECT COMMUNICATION BE(CCEN ALL AGENCIES CONCERNED'FOR ABOVE. a
(

PURPOSES IS AUTHORIZED. UNQUOTE.

BT "'

21/2015Z UAG RJEZFF

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16 = 31 CCTOBER 1961 SIGHTINGS

LOCATICN

Dayton, Ohio

Gettysburg, South Dakota
Jensen, Utah

Canton, QGhio

33N 1770 (Pacific)

west Florence, Chio
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Grand Cajyman, West Indies
Z8.44N bh.k5W (Atlantic)
Dayton, Ohio

Patrick AFB, Florida
58.14N 143.554 (Pacific)
58 oh 6N ih. 294 (Pacific)
Succasunna, New Jersey
Greenwich, Connecticut
Baltimore, Maryland
Sheboygan, Wisconsin
Akron, Onio

McAllen, Texas

Grand Rapids AfS, Michigan
Dayton, Ohio

Kadena AB, Naha “ini
30.30N 158. 352 < ¢
Canton, Ohio

“y
tiw

OBSERVER

Military

("

Military

1

Military
Military
Military

wl

Military
Military

Military
Military

1

ADDITICNAL REPORTED SIGHTINGS (NOT CASES)

- LOCATICN
—_————— or

cr

Fall River ,Miils, California
Curacao, Britis= ¥Yest Indies

Tonawanda, New York
Radford, Virgicia
New Mexico
Nilliard, Caio
Derry, Pennsylv2nia

art iy SX PS a Ral oe A rs Sm ie eae On

SCURCE

News Clipping
"

= a ef ors: @

"
"
"
"
"

EVALUATION

Astro (SIRIUS)
AIRCRAFT
Other (MIRAGE)
INSUFFICIENT DATA
Astro (IETEOR)
Astro (ARCTUPUS)
Astro (METEOR)
INSUFFICIENT DATA
Astro (METECR)
AIRCRAFT
Astro (METEOR)
INSUFFICIENT DATA
Astro (METECR)
Astro (i#TEOR)
ATRCRAST
INSUFFICIENT DATA
INSUTFICIENT DATA
AIRCRAFT
Astro (METECR)
genset
AIRCR:
Astro (METEOR)
SATELLITE
Other, (UNFELIABLE
REPORT }

EVALOGATICN

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

WARNING: This waterial contains
information affecting the National

Title 18, USC, Secs, 793 and 794,
the transmission or revelation of

Defense of the United States within UNCLASS| F | ED which in any manner to an uneuthor-

the meaning of the Espionage Laws, ized person is prohibited by law,
; COUNTRY T SA REPORT NO. 6} oat

suBssect []FO Report = JAW AFR 200«2 DATE OF REPORT 14 November 1961

HO, OF Paces 2

iro 6 15, October 1961 + iis pre anaes

PLACE 8

pate aca. Kirtland AFB,NMex = 25 Oct 61]

EVALUATION FROM Las Vegas, New Mexico
source Flying Safety Division, KAFB, NMex prepareo sy Major Virgil 9, Hall

SUMMARY

eeseeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeee eee eee eGeveveseeeeseaeeseeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeevre eee eeeeeoeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeewneeteeveeeeeeeaeeeeneeves

A. Description of the Object
1. Round in shape and at one point appeared to be top shaped.

None visible.
No sound heard.
Object appeared to revolve,

2. Size compared to star Venus,
3. Amber in color,

4. One.

5. N/A

6, None,

SF

8.

9,

B. Description of course of Object
1. Private citizen called via telephone.
2. About 240 or 235 degrees azimuth elevation about 40 degrees
above the borizon,
3. About 240 or 235 degrees and disappeared behind the horizon, conf
4. Path flight of object WSW ~ no maneuvers apparent.
5. Object disappeared behind the horizon as in comparison to the
sun.
6. Approximately 8 minutes.

C. Manner of Observation
1. Ground visual,
2. Binoculars. Naked eye.

3. N/A

D. Time and Date of Sighting
1. 5 Qetober 1961 at 0613Z.
2. Wight.

DISTRIBUTION BY ORIGINATOR

DISTRIBUTION BY HQ USAF

CIA STATE

(Classification)
UNCLASSIFIED

7

ARMY NAVY

.

INTELLIGENCE REPORT ~ INTELLE GENCE REPORT:

FoRM
AF we 61 12 PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF THIS FORM ARE OBSOLETE. We Be GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE « wHE 1961 « 4. 880467
ee - ll ll a — , ~- > See ov =~ eS

-_-— ——_——- - ss o+.—— -« -

eae . ae : : afr

CRETE EP TE Te ABI ’ r
(Clase Matron REPORT NO

—_ 6 he
a UNCLASSIFIED PASE 2 oF Paces 2.
| FRO Kirtland AFR, NM2x |

|

E. At the Las Vegas Airport 6 miles NE of the town of Las Vegas, NMex
F. Identifying Information on Observer
I. Civiltan

MR ace 24

Las Vegas, NMex
Home Address:
Occupation:

G. Weather and Winds « Aloft Conditionsaat time and place of sightings

|. Wx clear visibility more than I|5.

2. 6,000’ N/A; 10,000’ 100/10; 16,000’ 080/10; 20,000’ 070/10;
30,000’ 360/5; 50,000’ 020/15; 80,000 UNK,

. Clear.

3
4. Visibility more than 15. 15+.
5. N/A

6

» N/A

7. Temperature estimated change W HT

800 » 7S0MB + 2.5 C SFC » 700’
780 + 690 ~ 6.5 700 » 10,000
690 « 660 + 2.5 10,000 » 12,000
660 » 300 ~ 42 12,000 «+ 32,000
300 » 120 ~ 36 32,000 = 50,000
(30m. too. ° + 5 50,000 « 53,000

H. UNK

1. NONE

J. UNK

K. Major Virgil 6. Hall, Base Flying Safety Officer. UNK.

L. UNK

(Classification)

UNCLASSIFIED

}
/

AF bhai 112¢ previews coirions OF THIS FORM ARE OBSOLETE. WEVs Se GOVERNMENT PRinTING OFFICE + suNE 1961 + 4. Seeuee /

— eee at ee et ee — —_ ee ee ee ee = ee

par
od

LY

ASTRONOMY

Science News Lerrer for September £

Bright Jupiter Seen in October

Jupiter and Saturn are still visible in October skies
during the evening. The moon can be observed during the
second half of the month, James Stokley reports.

> WITH THE COMING of the month of
October, the planets Jupiter and Saturn are
stall visible in the evening sky. Jupiter is
Srighter than any star or other planet that
can now be seen.

Both planets are shown on the accom-
panving maps, which depict the heavens as
they look about ten p.m. your own kind of
standard time (add one hour for daylight
saving time) on Oct. 1, nine p.m. on the
15th and cight p.m. on the 3lst.

Saturn is a little to the right of Jupiter,
nearer the horizon, and about a twelfth as
bright. However, it still ranks with the stars
of the first magnitude. These two planets
remain on view until about midnight.

As for the stars themselves, the brightest
now on view is Vega, in the constellation of
Lyra, the lvre, high in the west (shown on
the map of the northern half of the sky).
Sul higher is Cygnus, the swan, with a
bright, first magnitude star named Deneb.
Cygaus is divided on our maps, with part
on the northern one and part on the south-
ern. And between the lower part of Cygnus
and the two planets lies Aquila, the eagle.
This contains another star of the first mag-
nitude, called Altair.

On the southern map, just to the east of

Cygnus you can find Pegasus, the winged
horse of the old myth. This is a rather con-
spicuous group, even though the brightest
stars in it are of the second magnitude.
The map shows the location of the “Great
Square” in Pegasus, an easily located figure

MAP_OF THE MOON

Eratosthenes

Aristerchus

Copernicus // y ¢
x

Sea of ~
Tempests

Sec of -
Humors

QW i)
og’

Clouds and
Straight Wall

_
wpa LACERTAS ty,
DL TORER —*. cere ©
he od cycnus fe

*
rs s a
—_*® os
ae **, ch. TRANWULY
en,
ep ap GPs

— S :
a4 | wi ot PERSENS
eS ig oe :
| ee lees gels
* —s- MINOR Ciyliges . \
mt: 3

URSA MAJOR -»—*
sens Se Ol

PISCES, yy [ SAGITTA
“oO Pro EQUULEUS MA
j We
"CETUS me po Mise .
a Te a * SERDENS\
PISCIS AUSTRINUS ©" ypiteR  “ypuiteyy

Fomalingut 75 oSANURN
Si 7 PHOENIX  GAUS SAGITTARIUS,

«EAST face South WEST?
2 © © SYMBOLS FOR STARS IN ORDER OF BRIGHTNESS

Apennine
ts.

Alps Mts,
Caucasus Mts,
, Sea of Serenity

N\

Sea of

Crises

Sea of
Tranquility

Langrenus

“Sea of
Fecundity

ed ? | Sea of Nectar

°o7
2% Theophilus
~ Clavius

NORTH APPEARS AT THE TOP

that helps you to find other groups around
it, Actually, only three of the stars that
make up the square are in Pegasus. The one
in the upper left, named Alpheratz, is in
Andromeda. This, in mythology, repre-
sented the princess that was left chained to
the rock, to be devoured by a sea monster.
Since she was rescued by the hero Perseus,
who was riding on Pegasus, her proximity
to the winged horse is appropriate.

Perseus, too, is in the sky, for this con-
stellation is in the northeast. Here is the
interesting star Algol. A famous variable,
Algol fades from its normal brightness of
magnitude two to the third magnitude
every 2 days, 20 hours, 48 minutes. It is
really two stars, one much fainter than the
other and revolving around it The dim.
ming occurs as the faint one partially
eclipses its more brilliant companion.

To the west of Perseus stands Cassiopeia,
the queen, and Cepheus, the king, who
were Andrormeda’s parents. All the princi
pal characters in the mythological story are
ilepicted in the sky—even the sea monster.
He is represented by the constellation of
Cetus, low in the southeast,

Three other first-magnitude stars are now
Visible. In the northeast, below Perseus, is
Auriga, the charioteer, with the star
Capella, And farther right is Aldebaran, in
Taurus, the bull. This star is considerably
dimmed because of its low altitude. How.
ever, it rises considerably higher in the
South, and becomes brighter, later in the

night. AnJ low in the south is Fomalhaut,
in Piscis Austrinus, the southern fish. This
star is now about as high as it ever gets, for
latitude 40 degrees.

In addition to Jupiter and Saturn there
are three other planets sometimes visible to
the naked eye. Two of these, Mercury and
Mars, are now too nearly in the same di-
rection as the sun to be seen. But the third,
Venus, rises in the east about two hours
before the sun. Its brightness is about 3.6
times that of Jupiter, so it is very easy to
find. In fact, it remains visible well into
the dawn, long after other stars have
faded,

The moon during October will be most
prominent in the evening from about the
12th to the 26th. On Oct. 9, when it is new,
it is in the same direction as the sun, and
we cannot see it. But a few days later it
will have moved far enough to the east that
it remains visible in the sky after the sun
has set. Moreover, little of the lunar hem
isphere on which the sunlight is shining
will be turned toward us, and so it will
appear as a crescent in the west in the carly
evening.

On the 16th it will be at first quarter,
with half of the illuminated hemisphere
visible. Then it is in the south at sunset,
and it sets about midnight. On Oct. 23 ie
will be full. Then it is opposite the sun, so
it rises at sunset and sets at sunrise. The
entire bright half is visible. After that it
continues to rise later and later, so it is
soon gone from the evening sky. It reaches
last quarter on the last day of October,
when it does not rise until midnight.

lf you have a good pair of binoculars, or
even of opera glasses, try using them to
watch the moon, night after night, as it
goes through its phases.

The moon is not smooth, but has many
mountain ranges and craters scattered
around its surface, some of which can be
seen with such simple optical aid. And then
there are the dark areas, visible to the naked
eye, which form the familiar face of the
“man in the moon.” These are called “seas,”
even though there is no water on our nat-
ural satellite. The early lunar observers
thought they were bodies of water and so
named them. Some of their designations,
still used, are quite fanciful—Sea of Tran-
quility, Sea of Serenity, etc.

The craters, which probably were formed
by the impact of huge meteorites that ex-
ploded as they hit, are named after famous
astronomers and other scientists. One of the
largest, about 140 miles in diameter, is
called Clavius, after the astronomer who as-
sisted Pope Gregory XIII when he intro-
duced our present calendar in 1582.

The principal seas, as well as some of
the most prominent craters, are indicated
on the accompanying lunar map, but all of
these features cannot be seen at any one
time. When the moon is full the craters are
nearly invisible, but the seas are conspicu-
ous, Around first quarter is the best time to
see the craters. Then, for those near the
middle of the lunar disc, the sun is shining
at a low angle, and there are many shadows
which bring them into relief.

So try your bineculars on the moon,
Probably you will be surprised at what you
can sec,

(continued on p. 215)

i
i

,

>

Qqnore am &

we

= Bright Jupiter Seen

(continued from p. 211)
Celestial Time Table for October

Oxt. EST
a 9:10 a.1n, Moon in last quarter
3 12:08 a.m, Algol (variable star in Per-
4 seus) at minimum
S$ 3:00am. Moon farthest, distance 25r,-
“ goo miles
> $8:56p.m. Algol at minimum
7 3:00a.m. Moon passes Venus
4 5:45pm, Algol at minimum
53pm. New moon
6) 11:35 p.m. Moon in first quarter
— H midnight Mooo passes Saturn
317 9:00am. Moon passes Jupiter
‘280 2:00a.m. Moon nearest, distance 226,-
4 600 miles
220 «2:00 p.m. Mercury between earth and
sun
23 «4:31 p.m. =Full moon
2§ 10:37 p.m. Algol at minimum
28 3=7:26p.m. Algol at minimum
3 3:59 a.m. Moon in last quarter

Subtract one hous for CST, two hours for

MST, and three hours for PST.
Know the Sky

These star maps showing the positions of
stars and planets can help you locate satel-
lites when they flash briefly across the sky.
Familiarity with the constellations and their
relative positions makes locating artificial
moons much easier whenever they are visi-
ble from your area.

* Science News Letter, 80:210 September 23, 19461

150

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( : 1961

|
’
rsey, Designed LABORATORY Mant Datay Micron
: ee ae 2 dey ‘a Sey nei "Set. ee . : “ "org : :
M : , Se ocy—E. M. Foster and W. C. Fravier—Burgess,
Re Ere. ME Erick == a4 ard ed., 72 p., paper, S; Conese directions for
a WD Ser sili experiments with milk lktoeorzanisms, milk
ent quality testing and microselogy of dairy
VCE LAB? =
THe Lore or Larnce Nesaeas—Philip J.
: Davis—Random House, 165 p. illus., paper,
. , 4 . and $1.95. Written by professiona) mathematician
to make the arithmetic of large ournbers inter-
koff = esting and understandable to high school stu-
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FRONICS: LIGHT ATOMIGERERGY this MAN AND Power: The Si é Power from
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the Maruematics InN THE Mextrwo—Lancelot :

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i) uses requier 115 Filter Cirewit. Converts heme AC to use of mathematics through the ages, written
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OJECTOR MICROSCOPE African statesmen and politicians
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ection Microscope. rophy ia connection with Photo lob, “OM by author, paper, $1.45. Reprint of naturalist’s
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—_——4

SURGERY

Uncommon Lung Disease
Healed by Operation

> THE ONLY KNOWN surgical operation
for sporotrichosis, an uncommon fungus-
type lung disease, has been reported at the
Veterans Administration Hospital, Oteen,
5, ee

Drs. Stewart M. Scott, E. D. Peasley and
Thomas P. Crymes describe in The New
England Journal of Medicine, 265:453, 1961,
the case of a 42-year-old Negro florist whose
X-ray showed a cavity in the left upper
lung. Tests showed Sporotrichum schencki,
the type of fungus that causes sporotrichosis.

After giving the patient the usual treat-
ment of potassium iodide for two months
with no significant change on X-ray ex-
amination, the left upper lobe was removed.

Although the operation was successful,
the surgeons continued treatment with
potassium iodide for six months.

Since 1912, 20 cases of pulmonary sporo-

trichosis have been reported, but only six
have been “adequately documented,” the
surgeons report.
* The dramatic results of treatment with
potassium iodide have prevented thorough
Sacteriologic confirmation by animal inocu-
lation, they point out.

® Science News Letter, 80:209 September 23, 1961

GENERAL SCIENCE
Scientists’ Income Up:
Median Salary Is $9,000

> MOST UNITED STATES scientists were
setter paid during 1959 and 1960 than they
were during the years from 1956 through
1958, the National Science Foundation re-
ports.

Questionnaires returned by 112,432 full-
time employed scientists to the Foundation’s
National Register of Scientific and Techni-
cal Personnel showed a 1960 median annual
salary rate of $9,000, This is a $1,100 in-
crease over the $7,900 median reported for
the 1956-58 period,

The same group reported a median gross
income of $10,000 for 1959. The additional
income (above salaries) comes from such
sources as supplementary employment, royal-
ties and consulting fees.

The highest median gross income for
1959, $14,000, was reported for those in
medical sciences. Physics and chemical en-
gineering, cach with $11,000, were second.
Agricultural scientists ranked lowest with
$7,000 as both 1959 median income and
1960 median salary.

Rated by work activities, the 27°% en-
gaged in management and adrninistration
made up the best paid group, with a
median income of $12,000 in all fields. For
managers and administrators in research
and development, the median income rose

Science News Lerten for September

‘-

‘

196]

to $13,000. Teachers, with a median 1960
salary of $8,000, were among the lowest
paid work groups, although full professors
attained a median of $19,000 in medical
sciences and $13,000 in engineering.

The median age was 38. The largest age
group, 43%, was 30 to 39, with 40 to 49
next at 27% of the total. Thirteen percent
were in their fifties and another 13°, were
under 30. The general pattern in earnings
was a steady increase from $6,000 ar the
youngest age group to $12,000 at the oldest,
the Foundation said.

Fifteen years of experience are necessary
before income exceeds basic salary in most
fields.

The scientists included 47°4 who were
employed in private industry or self-em
ployed, 27% by educational institutions,
13% by the Federal Government, six per-
cent by other government activities, five
percent by non-profit organizations, and
about two percent on active duty with the
Armed Forces or the U.S. Public Health
Service.

© Science News Letier, 80:209 September 23, 194)

NOMENCLATURE
Numbers Seen Replacing
Latin Names of Plants

> AS ELECTRONIC computers take over
the tough job of sorting out members of the
animal and plant kingdoms, Latin names
will be replaced by numbers, a zoologist
predicts.

Machines should help take sore of the
many kinks out of the present system of
classifying living things, which is known
as taxonomy, Dr. Theodore L. Jahn of the
University of California at Los Angeles
believes. This would necessitate devising a
numbers code that would denote the feat
ures of an organism useful in classifying
it as to kingdom, phylurn, class, order,
family and species.

The ultimate in such a system would be
to use the same code that the genetic
mechanism employs to insure that an or-
ganism passes on the same set of characteris-
tics to succeeding generations. This code
is contained in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid) of each chromosome.

This poses quite a problem, Dr. Jahn
admits. It has been estimated, he points
out, that the code of the 46 chromosomes of
man, if set in type, would fll a thousand
books. It may be a long time before man
can design a code as compact as DNA.

Cracking the DNA cede, regardless of
whether it can be incorporated practically
into a computer system, would be a boon to
taxonomy, Dr. Jahn notes. For example, it
might tell us whether a virus is some trag-
ment of a chromosome or the leftover of a
primordial organic soup that preceded the
existence of cellular organisms.

In order to convert the present system for
use with a computer it will be necessary to
improve it through increased knowledge of
the organisms. Progress might be greatly
enhanced if there were an International
Taxonomic Year, similar to the Interna.
tional Geophysical Year, devoted to a study
of classification of organisms.

© Science News Letter, 80:209 September 23, 1961

209

BIOCHEMISTRY
Some Mental Diseases
Linked With Chemical

> SOME MENTAL diseases are probably
caused by a chemical derived from a nerve
hormone in the brain.

Experiments conducted on rats have
shown that the chemical, 10-methoxyharma-
lan, if produced in the body, can cause
abnormal behavior. The chemical is derived
from serotonin, a nerve hormone found in
the brain and intestines.

Small doses of 10-methoxyharmalan fed
to well-trained rats caused the animals to
make mistakes cach time they were used in
an experimental “shuttlebox.” Larger doses
produced tremors that lasted nearly one
hour.

The chemical is formed by removing a
molecule of water from melatonin, a sud
stance isolated from brain tissue. Melatonin,
in turn, definitely forms from serotonin,
Drs. William M. Meclsaac, Philip A. Khai-
rallah, and Irvine H. Page of Cleveland
Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, report in
Science, 134:674, 1961.

Definite evidence of the production of 1)
methoxyharmalan in the body is still lack-
ing, the scientists note. However,
present experiments plus the fact that “the
highest concentration of scrotonin has been
found in brain tissue of mental patients.”
tends to support the hypothesis that “some
psychotic states could be due to the chermi-
cal, 10-methoxyharmalan,” the scientists
conclude.

* Science News Letter, 80:209 September 23, 1951

the

PUBLIC HEALTH
Cesium-137 in Diet

Determined by Urine Test

> CESIUM-137, a radioactive fission product
present in fallout, can be measured in urine
samples by a new radiochemical method
that forms a simple and reliable basis for
determining the amount of the isotope
present in a person’s current diet.

A. Morgan and Gloria M. Arkell of the
Atomic Energy Research Establishment,
Harwell, England, analyzed samples ob-
tained from subjects with no known ex-
posure to cesium-137 other than dietary
fallout levels, gauging both cesium and
potassium content. Cesium closely resembles
potassium and travels with i through
animal tissue.

They point out in Nature, 1911190, 1961,
that the ratio of cesium-137 to potassium i
urine is equal to that in the diet and,
under normal or near-normal conditions, is
about one-third of that in the entire beds
If the cesium-137 intake increases, urine
analysis therefore will show it.

The researchers also note that the tech.
nique could be used to determine strontium.
%) consumption as well as cesium-137 con-
sumption. The ratio of strontum-% tw

calcium in the diet is known to be about
twice thar found in urine samples. Stron-
tium-90, which gets into bone and milk, is
more widespread than cesium-137 and has
been studied more extensively.

* Science News Letter, 80:209 September 23, 1751