PROJECT BLUE BOOK

sie

PROJECT 10073 RECORD CARD

I. DATE 2. LOCATION 12. CONCLUSIONS
0 Was Balloon
Nines Sues an tt) ieinity oa yet pte Yay O Probably Balloon
a ‘opr 32 MiG Inity tnciricik AVG. Tui =
3. DATE-TIME GROUP 4. TYPE OF OBSERVATION S (ESRB Ty: Berloen
Cl). Was Aircraft
Local 0 Ground-Vi sual © Ground-Rodar O Probably Aircraft
GMT wl /Z ia “ED Air Vi sual  Air-Intercept Rodar O Possibly Aircraft
5. PHOTOS 6. SOURCE 0 Was Astronomicol
0 Yes 0 Probably Astronomical
O°Ne - 7 QO Possibly Astronomical
7. LENGTH OF OBSERVATION 8. NUMBER OF OBJECTS | 9. COURSE © Other :
0 Insufficient Date for Evaluction
GO Unknown
Hoc “eLVean One not iv
10. BRIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING 11. COMMENTS
Obj of dull color, long & slender phe MaNsuver
' oy ee os Side: <3 pt
vw/eglow (probably jet tail pipe) in nk ti a ere Al
rear, No other lights. Obj was sil
houstted against lights of city of
Adana. Unadle to estimate size, but
appoerred smaller than F-10060. No
tall or wing surface observed. Obj
nroceeded fm Adana to Incirlik AB,
then climbed rapidly out of sicht.

ATIC FORM 329 (REV 26 SEP 52)

3416

ASTRONOMY

rey eas - - — reese

Science News Lerren: for November

29, 1958

Winter Stars Shine

The December skies offer the astronomer much to ob-
serve: the brilliant planet Mars, several prominent constella-
tions and the Geminid shower of meteors.

By JAMES STOKLEY

> ALTHOUGH RAPIDLY
from us, the planet Mars is
in the southern evening sky.

From a distance of about 49,700,000 miles
on Dec. 1, it recedes to 67,200,000 miles at
the end of the month, At the same time it
drops in brightness a full magnitude, on the
astronomer's brightness scale; that is, about
4095 of what it was Dec. 1. But even then
it will shine more brilliantly than all but
one of the stars now visible.

The accompanying maps show the skies’
uppearance at about 10 p.m., standard time,
on the first of December. By the middle of
the month they will look this way at about
9:00 p.m. and at the end they will have the
Satie appearance at eight o'clock. Mars is
high in the south, in the constellation of
Aries, the ram.

Foward the east and southeast is a group
of prominent constellations, containing
many bright stars, that will be high in the
south on midwinter evenings. This group
is responsible for the brilliance of the winter
skies.

drawing away
still conspicuous

Hyades and Pleiades

To the left of Mars stands Taurus, the
bull, with a Arstmagnitude star that is
distinctly red in color, named Aldebaran.
This is part of a smaller, V-shaped, group
of stars called the Hyades. Higher and to
the right of the Hyades there is another
and) more compact cluster called the
Pleiades. Here six stars can normally be
seen with the naked eye, but use of a pair of
binoculars will reveal many more.

Below and to the left of Taurus is one of
the most prominent of all constellations.
This is Orion, the only constellation visible
from the United States that contains two
stars of the first magnitude. These are
Hetelgeuse and Rigel, whose positions are
shown on the map. Berween them are three
stars in a row that form the belt of the
warrior, the figure that ¢ tars of Orion
Were supposed to form, «5 cepicted on old
star maps.

Low in the southeast and east are two star
groups representing Orion’s dogs. Canis
tnajer, the greater dog, is now rather low,
but the star Sirius, which is in this con-
stellation, shines brightly. This is the one
stir that exceeds the end-ofthemonth
brishtness of Mars. However, when Sirius
is as low as it is shown here its brightness
is somewhat dimmed by the amount of at-
mosphere that its light has to penetrate.
When itis higher in the sky, it has a shorter
path through the earth’s laver of air, so
there is lees: absorption,

The other dog is the lesser one, Canis

Gee. i+ Gi bewtas A Fs !

Minor. In it is the star called Procyon.
Above it, partly on the map al the northern
sky, partly on the southern, are Gemini,
the twins. The two bright stars here are
Castor and Pollux, the latter the brighter.
Still higher in the northeast, is Capella in
the constellation of Auriga, the charioteer.
And overhead, at the times for which the
maps are drawn, is Perseus, the champion,
a constellation which includes the famous
variable star Algol. Its light is dimmed
every few days as a darker companion passes
in front of the brighter component, and
causes a partial eclipse.

In the northwest there are still visible uvo
stars that were prominent on summer cve-
nings; like Sirius, they are dimmed by
reason of their low altitude. Just above the
horizon is Vega, all that is shown of Lyra,
the lyre. Above it is Cygnus, the swan, in
Ww hich Deneb is the brightest star,

Another planet, Venus, is just coming into
the evening sky. At the end of December
it sets nearly an hour after the sun. It
may be seen near the southwestern horizon
as dusk is falling.

In the early morning, just before sunrise,
Jupiter may be seen low in the southeast.
It is nearly as bright as Mars is at the be-
ginning of the month.

Mercury, on Dec. 29, will be at the posi-
tion called “greatest western elongation,”

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MARS

e- CETUS
NINOR ma ed eS

when itis farthest west of the sun, and rises
well before sunrise. About that time, it is
possible to glimpse it also in the southeast,
as dawn is breaking. Saturn cannot be seen
at all in December; on the 20th ir is in the
same direction as the sun, far out beyond it.

The name “planet” really means a wan-
derer, They were so-called in ancient time
when men noticed that, unlike the stirs,
which scem to remain in the same relative
positions, the y move around amon the con-
stellations.

Actually the stars also are moving, aud
some at high speeds, but they are at such
vast distances that even a whole lifetime is
not enough to show a perceptible change as
seen with the naked eye. From accurate as-
tronomical measurements, however, their
motions across the sky have been deter-
mined. Because of these movements, the
constellation figures are all changing. Fifty
thousand years auggo they looked very differ.
ent, to the primitive cave men in Europe
and other parts of the world, from the ap-
pearance they present today. And 50,000
years hence, our descendants will see them
still differently. Orion, the great dipper,
Taurus and all our familiar groups, will be
gone completely, superseded by entirely dif-
ferent configurations.

The sun is also a star, the nearest of all,
and it, too, is moving through space, in the
general direction of the star Vega, But as
it goes, at a speed of about 12 miles per
second, it carries the earth, as well as the
other planets, along with it. Therefore it
is not entirely correct to say, as we often
do, that the path of the earth is an ellipse,

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Procyon on JLEPUS ran ; S
Sir 2 CANIS ‘a Fp RNAX i- a “is

Wis MAJOR “—»@ on me

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4 EAST “Face South WEST?
Oo * ¢ SYMBOLS FOR STARS IN ORDER OF BRIGHTNESS

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PHYSICS
H-Bomb Explosion Causes
Artificial Avrora

> A HYDROGEN BOMBS exploded high
in the air can cause a bright artificial
aurora,

The man-made auroral display was seen
by J. G. Keys, observer-in-charge at Apia
Observatory, New Hebrides Islands, at 10:51
Greenwich Time on Aug. 1. At the same
time there was a sudden increase in mag-
netic activity at Apia.

A hydrogen bomb was exploded by U. S.
scientists high in the upper atmosphere over
Johnston Island at approximately the ume
the aurora appeared and the magnetic dis-
turbance started.

Auroras are rarely seen in tropical re-
gions, and only one other has been reported
at Apia, on May 13 to 16, 1921. Those
auroras that are seen in the tropics have
always been associated with severe world-
wide magnetic disturbances,

However, the Apia disturbance definitely
was not world-wide, Dr. A. L. Cullington
of New Zealand’s Department of Scientific
and Industrial Research reports in Nature
(Nov, 15).

Therefore, Dr. Cullington concludes:

“There seems to be little doubt that the
unusual magnetic effects recorded at Apia
are related to this exglosion and that the
manifestation seen at Apia was a man-made
or artificial aurora due to a nuclear explo-
sion in the upper atmosphere.”

Since a study of the effects due to this
explosion may help understanding of the
theory of magnetic storms and auroras, Dr.
Cullington asked other stations in the Cen-
tral Pacific to search their records for ab-
normal magnetic activity at the time.

Science News Letter, November 29, 1953

EDUCATION
Bent to Science Starts
in Home Before School

> WHAT HAPPENS ‘0 a child while
being raised in the homme long before school
days may determine whetier he is likely to
be a scientist or go into some other lite
work, persons at the Edison Foundation
Conference in Cincinnati learned.

Dr. Anne Roe, adjunct professor of psy-
chology, New York University, finds the
differences that make most people interested
in things and other people most interested
in people stem from the earliest experiences
in infancy. The “thing” persons can become
scientists and the “people” persons develop
toward non-sctence fields.

Parents who want to raise their children
to be scientists, Dr. Roe advises, should
refrain from:

‘Treating them as overprotected “mothers’
children,” giving them everything they
want.

2 ee bs aaa 4 + saad

Science News Lerrer, for November 29, 1958

Suppressing natural curiosity by overpro-
tection, such as stopping the handling of
things around the house due to fear of
breaking.

Not letting them follow the interests that
develop from things attracting them na-
turally.

While basic orientations toward science
and non-science do begin almost in’ the
cradle, schools do have a chance to rein
force science motivation and give essential
training, Dr. Roe emphasized. They can
also direet the attention of those who have
basic abilities to the advantages of science
cureers,.

Science education needs to do more than
discipline minds and impart facts, Dr. Roe
believes. It is necessary to urge the potential
scientist to give free play to fancy and also
be respeetful of the method and spirit of
inquiry.

Science News letter, November 29, 1958

PHYSIOLOGY
Low Temperatures Lessen
Kidney’s Blood Flow

> PROGRESSIVE induced reduction in
body temperature probably causes a parallel
decrease in the kidney’s blood flow and
glomerular filtration rate.

This was reported by Dr. John H. Moyer
of the Hahnemann Medical College in Phil-
adelphia at a conference on hypothermia
sponsored by the New York Academy of
Sciences. Elypothermia refers to body tem-
peratures less than the normal.

Despite the decrease in glomerular filtra-
tion and renal blood flow during subnormal
temperatures, Dr. Moyer said, there is not
a similar decrease in urine volume or so-
dium excretion until the body is brought to
temperatures below 26 degrees centigrade
(about 79 degrees Fahrenheit). Below this
point urine volurne and sodium excretion
diminish progressively with temperature re-
duction.

Reduction in kidney function is probably
nor a result of the decrease in blood pressure
concomitant with hypothermia, since raising
the blood pressure with a special agent does
not affect the altered kidney function.

In another report to the conference, Dr.
Ralph W. Brauer of the Naval Radiological
Defense Laboratory in San Francisco told
how circulation in the liver is altered in
hypothermia. This is due to increased blood
viscosity and to a fluid shift from extra-
cellular to intracellular resulting in in-
creased liver volume.

Effects on the functional clements of the
liver, said Dr. Brauer, include changes in
secretory activity such as a sharp reduction
in bile flow.

Dr. Robert M. Berne of Western Reserve
University in Cleveland reported on the ef
fect of hypothermia on the functions of the
heart. Contractility or myocardial heart tis
sue is not impaired in hypothermia, he said.
On the other hand, both the oxygen con
sumption of the heart and coronary resist
ance were found to be reduced in hypo-
thermta. The reduction in coronary resist
ance may be due to a dirvet effect of cold
on the coronary vessels.

Science News letter, November 27, 1753

“4

MEDICINE

Blood in the Eye
Removed by Heart Drug

> A DRUG used to treat certain heart con-
ditions can help remove damaging blood
from the eye.

This is reported by Dr. Robert Sinskey,
University of California at Los Angeles
Medical School, who has been studying eye
hemorrhages know as hyphemias.

A hyphemia is a hemorrhage into the
anterior chataber of the eye, which lies be-
tween the iris and cornea. Elyphemias often
occur When an object, such as a ball, hits
the eye, or following certain types of eye
surgery. If the blood remains in the cham-
ber for a long period of time, serious dam-
age to the eye may result.

Dr. Sinskey was able to trace the course
of the blood in the eye by tagging red
blood cells with radioactive isotopes. He
found the red cells can leave the chamber
as whole red cells without hemolyzing or
breaking up first. They leave in large num-
bers in the first nvo hours after the hem-
orrhage but slow down their rate of exit
considerably after that.

He also found intravenous injections of
Diamox, a drug used to treat certain heart
conditions, increases the rate at which the
blood leaves the chamber by 21° over un-
treated contro! rabbits with hyphemias. The
reason Diamox works is unknown as yet.

As a result of these findings, Diamox is
being used clinically to treat hyphemias.
Drugs which have been used to treat hy-
phemias by dilating or narrowing the pupils
of the eye were found not to influence the
rate at which blood leaves the eye.

Science News Letter, November 29, 1958

GEOGRAPHY
Sahara-Like Desert
Exists in South America

> A DESERT in South America with mov-
ing sand dunes reminiscent of the Sahara
is described by Dr. Raymond E. Crist of the
University of Florida in a report to the
Smithsonian Institution.

There, only a little over 50 miles from
bustling, modern, oil-rich Maracaibo, Vene-
zucla, people live today very much as they
did on the Old’ World desert of Arabia in
the days of Abraham.

Although an international boundary runs
through this desert of Guajira, the Vene
guelan and Colombian governments that
technically have jurisdiction have been
forced to recognize local laws and customs
and to grant a high degree of local cultural
vutonomy,

The people continue to be Gusjiros, speak-
ing their own language, wearing their own
dress, and living their own nonradie life.

As in most arid lands, rights to water are
more importint than ryghts to land. And,
as in the Sahara or in the Arabian Desert,
a large part of the life of the people ts car
ricd on around wells or waterholes, People
come to “casimbas,” as they are known, in
a constant stream from many Kilometers in
atl directions. ,

Science News Lotter, November 29, 1953

rr

seman Vadis ]acalcane hh ame Sted emcee, cca

=~

of the sea, of winds, whirlpool, coastlines,
whales and plankton.

' AN [yrropuction To Fourter Metitops ano
rhe Laphack TranstoxmMation—Philip F franklin
—Dover, new ed., 289 p., paper, $1.75. Un
abridged reprint of Fourter Methods, first pub-
lished in 1949.

Licur—-Alexander Efron—RKider, 127 p.,
iNus., paper, $2.25. Introduces general reader
to the phenomena of reflection, refraction,
nature and spectrum of light waves with chap:
ter on optical instruments,

Locie Macuinfs AND Dine RA ne pier sity
Gardner—MeGraw, 157 p. illus. § 35. Traces
the history of logic devices and projects their
future,

Movrern Sctence Quiz Book—-Anne Orth
Epple and Lewis E. Epple, Jr.—Platt, 54 p..
itlus.$1.50. 650 questions and answers in
various fields of science. Ages 19 to 16.

Reseancu Togas ror YOUNG Sctentisis---
George Barr-—Whitilesey House, 142 p., illus.
by John Teppich, $3. Leads children to observe
and do their own experiments at home without
laboratory equipment,

Seace Sarevurre: The Story of the Man-
Made Moon—Lee Peeland and Robert Wells,
preface by John P. Hagen—Preatice-Huall, rev.
ed,, 78 p., illus. by Jack Coggins, $2.95. Popu-
lar explanation of the principles of rocketry
and the Miniteack tracking system.

Sovier Waitincs oN Eartu SATELLIrES AND
Space ‘Travet—-Ari Sternfeld and others—
Citadel, 253 p., itlus., $3.95. Collection of Rus-
sian stories on space science and the three sput-
niks, in English.

Space Traver—Willy Ley-— Guild Press,
(Simon & Schuster), 44 p., illus, by John Pol-
green, $1. Fourth and last of Adventure in
Space series.

SrrucruraAL ConveaRstoNs IN CRYSTALLINE
Sysrems AND THeim IMPORTANCE ror GFrOLosi-
CAL Prontess — Wilhelm Eitel —- Geologreal
Soc. of Am., 183 p., illus., $3. Monograph on
the results of research in structural conversions.

Tun Srrucrure of Axrrumeric AND ALGr-
nra—May Hickey Maria—Waley, 294 p., $5.90.
Fundamental concepts explained for the non-
science student am! the teacher of secondary
school mathematics.

Thank, Ma. Prarypvus—Anita Hewett—Ster-
lng, 32 p., illus. by Anne Marie Jauss, $2.50.
Fasy-to-real children’s book about the habits
of -platypuses,

Trenps In Genetic ANAL Ysts—G,. Pontecorvu
—Columbia Univ. Press, 145 p. illus., $4.
Course of lectures reappraising the theory of
the gene.

‘Tim Two Exvs oF the Loe: Learning and
Teaching in Today's College—Russell M. Coop-
er, Ed.-—Univ. of Minn. Press, 317 p.. $4. Bas-
ed on papers presented at a conference on col

(Continued on page 350)

— Se oe eee 0 0 =

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Hundreds of thotusancds of Humi-
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Usable toany tao thes.

hows oa 6 aioe h Cards and
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Co eee ee. | - 2 mane

2 ee t

ala OT Ve Te mOrpedas 4
nearly circular. Actually we are moving m1
a helix, a three-dimensional figure hike that
- of a spring, or a corkscrew. However, rel.-
tive to the sun, the paths of the planets
are ellipses.

Mercury, innermost planet, travels around
the sun most rapidly, at a speed averaging
nearly 30 miles per second, while Pluto,
most distant, has an orbital velocity of a
little less than three miles per second. The
earth’s speed is 18.5 miles per second, and

j that of Mars slightly more than 15,

Because of this, the apparent motions of
the planets in the sky, against the back. |
ground of distant stars, is a combination of |
their movement and ours.
“Retrograde” Mars |

On Oct. 1, Mars was close to the [yades,
the lite group in Taurus in which Alde-
baran is found. Now it is well over towards
Aries. That is, apparently it has becn mov-
ing toward the west, although actually all
the planets move around the sun in an
easterly direction. Now, since the earth has
gone past, Mars will cease this backward,
or “retrograde,” movement. On Dee. 20,
it will be stationary; after that it will re-
sume its “direct” motion, toward the east.

About Dec. 13, there will be a favorable
opportunity, if the skies are clear, to observe
meteors, or “shooting stars,” of the Geminid
shower. They will be seen to best advantage
after midnight, when perhaps as many as :
40 an hour may be detected. These will
seem to radiate from the constellation of
Gemini, hence the name. Actually, these
meteors, Which are not much larger than
grains of sand, are moving in parallel po ths
around the sun in a huge swarm, which
we encounter every December. Sometimes
the bright moen may interfere with them.
This month, however, the moon is new only
three days before the date of the maximuin.
It will therefore set early in the evening,
and be well out of the way before the hours ‘
when the Geminids are at their best.

Celestial Time Table for December

Dee. FST
2 g:43p.-m. Algol (variable star in Perseus)
at minimum brightness.
3 §S:24p.m. Moon in last quarter.
s 7:00 p.m. Moon nearest, distance 224,600
miles.
9 10:00p.m. Mercury in inferior conjunc-
tion (between earth and sun).
190) «612:23 pm. New moon,
13 earlyam. Meteors of Geminid shower
visible.
17. 6:52 p.tn. Moon in first quarter.
200 2:38aun. Algol at minimum,
7:00 a.m. Saturn in same direction as
sun,
goo pm, Moon farthest, distance 251,
600 miles.

21 16:56 p.m. Moon passes Mars.
22 3:qoa.m. Winter solstice—winter begins
in Northern Hemisphere.
:27 p.m. Algol at minimum. | R
25 8:16 pan. Algol at minimum,

10:54 p.m Full moon.

29 «-gioo a.m. Mercury farthest west of sun
— visible low in southeast just
before sunrise for a few days
about now.

Subtract one hour for CST, two hours for

MST, and three for PST.

Science News Letter, November 29, 1953

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_ No Case (Information Only) (Saucer News)

1 December 1958 - |
Southern California |

PCUR IN TRUCK CHASED BY UFO: Four Los Angeles *tsen-agers driving
near fhe Mexican border in southern California ware startled iast Dec, lat dy
® giant spheres with Plashing green and red lighta, whica chased thsir oick-up
teuick for 45 miles along the highway before it finally gaye uv and Plow away,

Bofors it left, however, Lt blasted the truck with a) |
*white ray*, which stopped their watches, stopped
the Sunctioning of the dials on the instrument paa-. |
91, and blistered the paint on the track. Concnie:
Males, 13, ~ one of the four = dascrited the limt
ag "an unearthly shade of green." The police to whom,
the incident was reported: diaazree with the claim!
that the truck raint waa blistered, Said one of the)

police, in making his report, “Anything can happen,
but this.is improbable? =~ "ie ] are. |

at

~ a , ' . DP 2 AOR em):
i ee) ee ee) PR el | i eo LE ne eet ek el eth | be . a i aE em, ° e

(Saucer News)
No Case (Information Only) 10 December 1958°> :

Floyada, Texas

.+-A cloes sighting was made on a@ |
reach near Ployada, Texms, on the svening of Dec, LOth, whan a glowing ohiong
licht was observed by several ranchers. One of them, 9, O, VYilliams, said that.
As watched the Liztht moving in circles at about a 100 foot altitude, 1/4 mile
away. It was visidle Por 30 mimites, and wae tating about 10 seconds to com
Diats wach of its weird circular revolutions..

wid Feicah Mate a til ai AD Ip as a el re, @ He: