PROJECT BLUE BOOK

PROJECT 10073 RECORD CARD
1. DATE 2. LOCATION 12. CONCLUSIONS
Was Balloon
16 Sentember 195s Westhury Lonc 000 Probably Balloon
3. DATE-TIME GROUP 4. TYPE OF OBSERVATION Pessibly Balloon
Local Greund-Visual Ground-Radar Was Aircraft
000 Probably Aircraft
GMT 17/0315Z AlrVisual Air-Intercept Radar PessiblyAircraft
S. PHOTOS . SOURCE Was Astronomical
Yes Probably Astronomical
No Civilian Pessibly Astronomical
7. LENGTH OF.OBSERVATION o. NUMBER 9. COURSE Other.
000 Insufficient Data for Evaluation
2-4 secs Unknown
one Moith
10. BRIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING 1. COMMENTS
Cigar-shaped, gree fluorescent obj, Color & time duration is
size of large fountain pen, bright typical of a firetail.
orange colored light in front & rear
of obj. No sound.
2
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17/ISE7 Srp PiFnCK

By JAMES STOKLEY countries of the Southern Hemisphere.
the time it appears, dawn will have started, A few days after this the moon will be
STEADILY DRAWING closer to the and the sky will no longer be completely full, on Sept. 27. This will be the "harvest
earth, the red planet Mars is becoming in. dark. moon." The peculiarity of this moon is that
creasingly conspicuous in the evening sky. On the evening of September 4, when there is only a small difference in time in
About 6 Z0.oo0 miles away at the first of neither will be visible in this part of the moonrise for several nights in succession.
September, it will move in to a distance of world, Mercury will pass to the south of In September, this retarded rising is only
55,400,000 miles by the end of the month. Venus; the following morning they will still half an hour, compared to about an hour
At the same time it will i increase in bright- be close together. On the 18th, as Mercury and a quarter in March. Bright moonlight
ness about 75% reaching z magnitude minus draws back toward the sun, it will again pass for a number of nights in succession is sup-
I.T on the astronomical scale by Sept. 30. Venus, about 1:00 a.m., but by then Mer- posed to help the farmer to bring in his
The position n of Mars, v which is in the con- cury will be hard to see. The moon, then harvest.
stellation of Taurus, the bull, is shown on a narrow waning crescent, will pass both
the accompanying maps. These depict the of the planets early in the morning of Sept. Destination: Lyra
sky as it appears about 10 p.m. your own. 12. And on the morning of the tenth
kind of standard time, (add one hour for Mercury can be seen passing very close to Lyra, which shines high overhead these
daylight t saving) on Sept. I; an hour earlier the star Regulus, which is in Leo, the lion, evenings, has a number of points of interest.
at the middle of the month, and two hours and is of the first magnitude. The approach The entire solar system, the sun and all the
earlier at the close. earlier at the close. The red color of Mars. The red color of Mars. willa will appear so close that the pair will look appear so close that the pair will look planets, is planets, is moving through space toward moving through space toward
and the fact and the fact that it is brighter that it is brighter than anv like one star to the naked eye, but a pair Lyra at a speed of about 12 miles per second.
other planet or any star visible at the same other planet or any star visible at the same of binoculars will show them to be separate. The earth's distance to Vega, in Lyra, is
time, time, ,make it easy to identify. make it easy to identify. about 23 light years: that is, 23 times the six
Earlier in the evening, however, Lupiter Autumn Arrives Autumn Arrives trillion miles that a ray of light, traveling trillion miles that a ray of light, traveling
is also seen, is also seen, and ,and is even brighter. It is in 186,000 miles each second, will cover in a 186,000 miles each second, will cover in a
Virgo, the virgin, and sets before the times Virgo, the virgin, and sets before the times Anotheri Another important event on the astro- important event on the astro- year. This distance is lessening at the rate
for which our maps our maps are prepared: at about prepared: at about nomical program for September will occur program for Sep ptember will occur of more than 20 miles per second. Not only
nine o'clock nine o'clock at the first of September. of September. By at 8:10 a.m., E.S.T., on the 23rd. This is is the earth approaching Lyra, but Vega it-
the end of the end of the month it will it will descend below descend below the equinox, the time when the sun, which self is moving towards our part of the sky self is moving towards our part of the sky
the horizon so soon after the sun that you the horizon n so soon after the sun that you has been moving southward since last June, at about 8.5 miles per second; fortunately,
will not be able to see eit at all. it at all.
Saturn_ is shown in Ophiuchus, the serpent- Saturn is shown in C Ophiuchus, the serpent-
bearer, low in the southwest. Of magnitude bearer, low in the southwest. Of magnitude Veneb
0.7, it is about 0.7, it is about a third as bright as Mars is, third I as bright as Mars is, CGNUS CYGNUS LACERTA
at the beginning of September. SEPTEMDED
Turning to the stars that are seen these 1950 KULES ANDROMEDA
evenings, the brightest is Vega, in Lyra, the DRACO CEPHEUS
lyre, high in the west. A little to the east
of this group you will s see Cygnus, the swan. CORONA CISSIOPEIA
in which the star Deneb shines. Toward the URSA *Polaris
south is Altair, in Aquila, the eagle. These MINOR
three bright stars, all of the first magnitude, JRIES
form what is sometimes called t the summer BOOTES URSA MAJOA PERSEUS
triangle, because it is so conspicuous on CANES POINTERS Capella
summer evenings. Arcpirus VENATICI AURIGA Mart
Three other first-magnitude stars are also WEST EAST
shown. All of them are now quite low in
the sky, where the increased absorption of
their light by the atmosphere ecauses them
to appear rather fainter than they should.
Low in the northeast, to the left of Mars, CYGNUS LYRA
you will find Capella. in Auriga, the char- SEPTEMBER SAGITTA
ioteer. In the northwest is Arcturus in 1958 GREAT PEGASUS HERCULES
Bootes, the bear-driver. And in the south QUANE BELPHINUS
there stands Fomalhaut, in Piscis Austrinus, EQUULEUS RAQUALA
the southern fish. NSCES
MAr OPHIUCRUS
Early Rising Planet
In the early morning the planet Yenus cefus 3 Fomathaut
appears in the cast It rises about an hour. AUSTNNUS SAGITTAR
and a half fahead of the sun at the begin. GAUS SD
ning of September, an hour at the end. EAST Juce South WEST
About the ninth Venus will be joined by
Mercury, innermost of all the planets, which ** SYMBOLS FOR STARS IN ORDER OF BRIGHTNESS

it is not so i curately aimed that there is
any possibility of it ever hitting us.
The second brightest star in Lyra, Sheliak,
or beta Lyrae, is the one shown on the south-
ern sky map just alove the R in the name
"Lyra." As discovered in 1784 by John
Goodricke, a 20-year-old deaf mute and ama-
teur astronomer in England, Sheliak is a
variable star. Ordinarily of magnitude 3.4,
! or slightly fainter than gamma Lyrae, the
star just to the left, every 12.9 dlays it drops
to about 4.5, about 2.75 times as faint.
Double Star
Actually there e are two stars, very close
together. One is relatively bright, and large,
about 20 or more times the diameter of the
sun. The other is smaller and fainter. Once
in each 12.9-day cycle, the e darker r star passes
directly in front of the brighter one, and the
partial eclipse causes the reduction in bright-
ness. Half way between these eclipses s there
is a lesser eclipse, as the bright star hides
the faint one. This causes a smaller reduc-
tion in light.
Surrounding the pair there is a huge shell
of gas, mainly yhydrogen. . This seems to
originate in two streams that squirt out from
each star, toward the other. The streams
do not hit the other stars, however, because
of their movement around the center of
gravity of the system.
There is a marked difference in color of There is a marked difference in color of
the two stars. The large bright one is bluish,
while the other is yellow-white. It would while the other is yellow-white. It would
be most interesting to observe the system
from a closer position. from a closer position.
Actually, what is known about beta Lyrae
has been learned from studies of its spec- has been learned from studies of its spec-
trum, the band of color, crossed by dark
lines, which is produced when its light is
analyzed by a spectroscope, attached to a analyzed by a spectroscope, attached to a
large telescope. The spectrum undergoes The spectrum undergoes
sudden and curious changes. Astronomers
have worked out the hypothetical structure have worked out the hypothetical structure
described above as an explanation. There are
still some very puzzling features, and She- some very puzzling features, and She-
liak continues to be the subject of much liak continues to be the subject of much
astronomical research.
Celestial Time Table for
September
Sept. EST
2 6:00 a.m. Moon farthest, distance 251,
go0 miles.
4 3:56 p.m. Moon passes Mars.
9:00 p.m. Mercury passes Venus.
6 5:24 a.m. Moon in last quarter.
9 4:00 a.m. Mercury farthest west of sun:
visible low in east just before
sunrise for a few days around
this date.
12 4:03 a.m. Moon passes Mercury.
7:36 a.m. Moon passes s Venus.
13 7:02 a.m. New inoon.
14 noon Moon nearest, distance 223,400
miles.
16 1:37 a.m. Moon passes Jupiter.
18 1:00 a.m. Mercury passes Venus.
19 9:33 a.m. Moon passes Saturn.
10:17 p.m. Moon in first quarter.
23 8:10 a.m. Sun over equator, autumn
commences in Northern Hemi-
sphere.
27 4:43 p.m. Full moon—Harvest Moon.
29 5:00 p.m. Moon farthest, distance 252.
400 miles.
Subtract one hour for CST, two hours for
MST. and three for PST.
Science News Letter, August 23, 1958

Os.0
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Limographed by ACH
UNITED STATES WRC 44A (SPECIAL)
1 V II

ASSUMED TRACK TO FORE
DOWN
& LAUNCHED GUTERGSAREA
C./AC3UMED DOR A3UM2UOMNSm5a
ACTITODE 30,00 FT ACTITODE 30,000 F7
1640
E. SIZE 40FT 1e90
E SIZE 40 FT
8110
186
F/ MISSIONS TRANSOSONDE OPGRRTION F/ MISSIONS TRANSOSONDE OPORRTION 196 1860 88 8
1830 1530 1710 1660
S140
G. REMARKS 1900 1900N
C8:O 1810
1670
90° 1620
80° 1:10,000,000 800
70°
60
504 50° 1520
1690 8380 1510 1460
STATUTE MILES 1450
40° 400
30° 1:10,000,000 300 105
20 144
20° 160 1560 1420
100 100
00 1490 1390
00 soo 400 100 0 200 300 400 500
STATION. TIME. DATE.
FORECASTER UNIT PLOTTED BY
1
125 120 115* 1100 1.5
PUBLISHED BY THE USAF AERONAUTICAL CHART AND INFORMATION CENTER.
AIR PHOTOGRAPHIC AND CHARTING SERVICE, ST. LOUIS 18, MO.
FEBRUARY 1945 (AMS) Revised OCTOBER 1948 (ACIC) BASE NO. IR
OVERLAY PREPARED APRIL 1946 (AMS)
This printing does not obsolete previous printings.