PROJECT BLUE BOOK

1. Rat
Jp
LE SerT 2)

UFOB INDEX CARD

2. LOCATION
Kansas City, Mo.

3. DATE-TIME GROUP

28/83002-Sep-57

4. TYPE OF OBSERVATION
X® Ground-Vi sual

O Ground-Rador

O Air Visual D Air-Intercept Rador
5. PHOTOS 6. SOURCE
0 Yes
No Civilian

7. LENGTH OF OBSERVATION
Three to five mimtes

8. NUMBER OF OBJECTS
One

9. COURSE
N to § to ENE

AISS-UF OB-283-57

12. CONCLUSIONS

Was Balloon
Probably Balloon
Possibly Balloon

Was Aircroft
Probably Aircraft
Possibly Aircroft

Was Astronomical
Probably Astronomical
Possibly Astronomical

Other
Insufficient Dota for Evaluation
Unknown |

ooo ooo oop ooo

10, BRIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING

AISOP Form 5 (15 Oct 54)

One round white object, coving sapidly
across the sky from north to south.
was ween making a sharp turn heading ENE and
was in sight for from three to five minutes.

Object

11. COMMENTS

Description, durai on, flight path
indicate that tuis sighting wss probably
caused by an aircraft. |

ae stl]

—— ee

AS*20NOMY

‘

Scrncr. Neas Letraa for dugust 24, 1997

Venus, Saturn Now Seen

Although Venus is becoming brighter in the evening
sky, it is still retiring early from view. September will have a
kind of replacement for Venus—the “harvest moon.”

By JAMES STOKLEY

> THRE PLANET Venus ts) grudually
brightening, and becoming more prowsiuent
ia the evening sky. However, if stil sets
about an hour and a bolt atter the sun. The
is Deture twHight has completely ended, ad
the sky has become dark. If you look to
ward the southwest as dusk gathers Vents
will won appear. Ot magostude nunus 35
oa the astronomical brighuiess scale, it ¢x-
ceeds any other star or planet. It ms in the

wostelianen of Virgo, the virgin, and close
ne star called Spica, whuh ts w
will be comsderabi,

ty ° naa

fainter that 2 ‘nore
duheculr to locate

The a compe tig
show the appearance:
U' pm., Vout
one hour tod hayhgitsasug Grn
the ficst of the munrtt, aa howe curler
it the muadie hours cog ucr ou
September ates was to Oktober, ffi,
Venus does not appear upem them.

They de, however, show the sound yaaa
at the September evening.

This is Sarurn which stands in tie con.
#t Ophiuchus, ine serpent oearer,
tyunog the cariy evening Saturn iy in the
southern sky, Dut um moves towurd the
wathaestera horizon and gues duwn, ao de
heginaing of the month, around TL) pean
by your kind of standard ume.

inaps are drawn to
of the everine
own kan dot seam lard

“AV ot
’

alee

be

heer ale

-- i
at

ind me

at |] itron

Seotember’s Brightest Star

Beightest star of the September evening os
Vega, im Lyra, the Iyre, high ia the west
Dareetly overhead is Cygnus, the swan, in
which Dench may be seen. Thiet group is
sho called the Northern Cross. Deneb
marks the top of the cross, toward the
northeast. Moving down from Cyguus, to-
ward the southwest, one comes to Aquila,
the cagle, of which Altair as the brightest
star.

Three other sturs which, like these, are
ot the first magnitude, are also shown on
ire all se near ome hortzen

the mores rose
rhat they appear comsucriiny lanter than
ik they were high overhead

This ts a result of the absorpnon of their
lighe by the greater thickness ot the
iuneaphere which must be penetrated. Lew
northwest is the hgure of Mootes, the

Next, thy
which is part of
lioper's

cartly’s

mm he
imurealriver, ith Arcturus
right, ts rhe Great Dipoer,
rrear (bens } ye

rryee ieee Hewes,

Ursa “lawor, che
sive 00 Yon

the Nanelle, if Orings vou

hamlle ovtencis
ronlow (ne cirve of
sdireetly to Acctumss

Farther cxht. low in the northeast ts
in Aurya, the chanoteer, which

(lupe *s

6 her erm ae Os OE

will Lecume prominent in the winter eve-
nings,

High in the southeast are four stars
which forn: thes “Great Square” in the
conselianen of Pegasus, the winged horse
Below this is Aquarius, the water-carrier,
one of the cunstellanons of the zodiac, the
path of the sun, moon and planew. And
below Aquanus we And Piscis Austinus,
the «uthern fish, with the Arst-magnintude
Fomalhaut. also dimmed by its low alone.
Foe vur lantudes, it never mses much higher
han itis new, you have to travel southward
ty see it high in the sky.

Mercury Becomes Morning Stor

As for the other planets, Mars and
lujpeter are now borh too nearly on line
with the sun to be observed. Mercury, on
D, passes Dearly berween the earth and
but bw the 25th ut will be farthest
of the sum. Te wall mse abead of the
win, and foe a few days around that date
will be visible as a morning str, in the cast
just before sunmse.

On Sepr. 23, at 2.27 aun., EST, the sun
will be irectiv over the equator, at the
halfway pant of the southward journey in
the skv which it began last June. This ts
the autuinnal equinox which marks the
beginning of autumn in the Nerthern
He smisphere and of spring iw the Southern.

On the might of Sept. § the moon ty tull.
‘harvest moon” and we can see
means if we consult a table char
vives the umes of moonrise, and see how
much later this occurs on succeeding nights,
vu different omes of year. On Sept. 9. we
tind, the moon will gsise (ar 4) degrees
north lantude) oaly 28 minutes later than
it did on the eighth.

Next Murch, on the other hand, the dit.
terence wil be much greater.

The moun will be full on the Afth and
the ditference in time of moonrise, between

Sep
the sun,

“A esi

| is 1% the

uw ha?

that nighe and che next, will be 74 minut.
Thus, in September and October, when the

moon is full and bright, it rises abour the |

same ume for several eveniogs.
Harvest Moon for Farmers

As Joho Ferguson wrote in a book on

astronomy published in 1757, explaining .

why this is calied the harvest moon:
“The farmers gratefully ascribe the early -
rising of the full moon at that ame of year

to the goodness of God, not doubting that. %”

He had ordered 2 so on purpose w give
them an immediate supply of moonlight
alter sunset, for their greater conveniency
in reaping the fruits of the earth.”

The reason for the differences in the
delay of moonrise from one might two the
next is found in the changing angle made
it various ames of the year by the eclipuc,
the path which the moon closely follows.

[c makes a trip around the eclipse about
once a month; each night it is about a
twenty-ninth of its circumference farther
eat. Thus, being farther cast, it rises lacer
—slsuit 52 minutes on the average.

At this ome of year the wuthernmost
pact of the eclipne is in our evening sky—
it passes through Sagitmarius, the archer,
and the line is not far from parallel wo the
horizon. Hence, the moon's daly castward
movement is utlized in moving it hort
yuntally to a considerable rete Just be-
fore moonrise it is not much farther below
the borzoen than it was the aight before.

In March, on the other hand, the ecliptic
iy nearly verncal, and the same castward
movement of the moon takes that body con-
siderably farther below the horizon, thus
making the greatest changes at movarise.

Hunter's Moon

In October, condinens will be quite simi-
lar to what they are in September. Aguin
there will be relatively little delay in moon-
rise from one night to the next when it is
full, This is again on the eighth, and ir will
rise only 30 minutes |vter on the ninth. This
is called the “hunter’s moon,” since the
hunter ts supposed to benefit at that ome.

LN eee tin ee MB mm

- ——— ee -

1 ines Sere

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at 0

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ltl tl al ee ee eee ee ee eee

1

Serswoe Naws Larver for duguss 24. 1957

oOo #0 ®e@

Celestial Time Table for
September
Sept. EST

8 12:00 p00n Moon farthest, distance 252,000
miles.

Fuil magn (Harvest Moon).
Moon in last quarter.

Sun am! Mars in line with carth.
Moon nearest, distance 222 500
males.

Sun over equator, autuma com-

Iris Dm.
16 1:03 p.m.
21 0.00 aun.

22 Midasght

4 2.27 32.m.

ASTRONOMY

SYMBOLS FOR STARS IN ORDER OF BRIGHTNESS

menees in Northern Hemisphere.
a1r3 pin. New moos.

25 2:00 p.m. Mercury farthest west of sun;
wutble for a few days around
this date low in cast before sun-
nee.

260 6tisapam. Manon passes Venus.

28) 8:s6a.m. Moon passes Sacurn.

30 t3u9 p.m. Moon w hret quarter.

Subtract ewe hour for CST, two hours for |

MST, and three ine PST.

Science Mews Letter, Avquet 24, 1957

Early Stars Were Brighter

A study of the atmospheres of the B stars leads
astronomers to believe thot billions of years ago the stars were

much brighter than they now ore.

> THE SKIES were adorned with much
brighter stars billions of years ago than
they ate now and the rate of star creauon
thet vas much faster than now.

So conclude Drs. L. H. Aller and jun
jugaku of the Univerury of Michigan Ob-
servatory from a study of the annospheres
of the very young, bot and bright objects
known as B stars The astronomers re-
ported results of their study, supported by
the National Scence Foundanon, tw the
American Astronomical Society meeting in
Urbana, Ill.

B stars are only a few million years old,
very young on the astronomical ume scale
thar dates the sun's formation as five billion
vears aga They are believed formed from
interstellar gas in the spiral arme of the
Milky Way galaxy in which the earth and
un are found.

Since: B stars consurne ‘herr ouciear tuci,
hydrogen, at a rate hundreds of nmes faster
than does the sun, their lifetrmes must be
relatively short. By comparing the sun's
composigon with that of a young Bi star,
Drs. Aller and Jugaks hoped wm find the
amount of element building occurring im
the last four billion years.

According to the present ideas of seilar
svolunon, me heavier clement: are prociuced
nm the dense, hot cores of ve wars,
which subsequently spew materiais
into interstellar space. The intersteilar ma

same process is repeated in the more mas
sive objects.

The sun is thus, since it was formed sw
many rmmilema ago, believeri to have a
smaller fraction of heavier clements than
has a star made only “recently” from inter-
stellar gas.

Although the problem of comparing the
swn's atmosphere with that of a young B
star is very complex and not very accurate,
Dre Aller and Jugaku found that some ele-
ments, such as silicon and oxygen, do not
seetn to be substantially greater in the young
stars than in the sun.

Therefore, they conclude, the ‘rate of dle
ment building, and of star formation as weil,
must have at a much slower pace
since the sun was formed than it did in the
early stages of the Milky Way galaxy.

The intersteilars gas Fom which stors are
formed is being connnuousiy rencwed by an
outward Bow of gas from the galactic com
ter, oy nucleus, De. Sidney van den Bergh
of Perkins Observatory, Delaware, Ohio, re-
ported to tie meeting. The present rate ot
gas fost from. the nucleus abour equals the
rote at which gas is lost fom the spiral
arms by star formanon, he has alcolated.

Dr. yan den Bergh based his. conctusion
om the recent finaines that rhe Milky Way
gaiaxy, as weil at the Andromeda nebula,
contin “surprisingly” smal! amount of in-
terstcilar gas. .

tere} is again collected into sary and the Science Mews Lever, Auquet 24, 1957
: > f. a * ‘ ‘ . |
t a 7 den PFT . — re Ait ’ _ g£ , >> oh PF" , 2 oer. Ne r “*

—

- . ee es ees

FINAL GALLEY PROOF |

Galley 8S—THE WORLD OF FLYING SAUCERS

Sending a letter and two photographs of the fragments to Colonel
Lawrence J. Tacker, then in the Office of Information, United States
Air Force, she simultaneously released to the press copies of both
letter and photographs, and suggested that the Air Force could :
“vindicate” itself by analyzing the material. The newspaper photo-
graphs showed one fragment about four inches long and two inches
wide resembling petrified wood in appearance, and a smaller piece
shaped roughly like a flattened cupcake, whose surface showed
pits and whorls like those on the trailing end of a meteorite.

Two days later, without waiting for a reply from Washington,
Mrs, Lorenzen through the newspaper amplified her challenge. If
the Air Force wanted to examine the mysterious fragments, she
said, they would first have to agree to certain conditions [22]:

“(1) APRO officers, together with duly appointed Air Force
liaison personnel, would establish a board of experts representing
both military and civilian UFO researchers.

“(2) This board of experts would decide what meaningful tests

re Se el A = SL aE -

need to be performed on the material in question.

“(3) The board then would select a qualified testing agency to
perform these tests under its cognizance.”

In all its history, the United States Air Force can surely have
received no more extraordinary proposition. Whatever he may have
felt, Colonel Tacker merely suggested that Mrs. Lorenzen could
submit the material to ATIC for analysis.

The fragments were never forwarded to the Air Force.

Eventually APKO published some information about the “disas-
ter.” Early in September 1957 a group of fishermen on a beach near
Ubataba, Brazil, had supposedly sighted a disk-shaped object
flashing down toward the sea. The UFO had suddenly veered up-
ward and exploded, showering down fragments and sparks like
fireworks. Several pieces had been obtained by a Brazilian repre-
sentative of APRO, who submitted them to a chemist for complete
tests including spectrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses.

Details of the analyses have never been published. Although they

be evidently showed the presence of at least three elements common
on earth—magnesium, hydrogen, and oxygen—APRO somehow de-
duced that the fragments in their original state had consisted of
: pure magnesium and that the hydroxide must have formed when

2S FS EEE ge

. v aes Ts

a" 1

they came in contact with the water. The final conclusion stated
that “the airborne object . . . consisted, at least in part, of 100%
magnesium, which is not within the technology of our times.” [23]
Similarly, perhaps, a cook might assert that since chocolate fudge
consists, at least in part, of 100 per cent sucrose, fudge must origi-

co ee

nally have been composed entirely of pure sugar, except for a little
chocolate and milk it picked up in passing through the kitchen. |
From the few facts available a positive identification of the frag-

ments is impossible. The description of the object seen by the fisher-

i- oN %

men fits that of a meteor that broke into pieces near the end of its |
flight. In the photographs the fragments look like ordinary mete- |
orites, which often contain a fair amount of magnesium (see Chapter
v). There is no evidence to suggest that the fishermen’s “wrecked

—

spaceship” was anything but an exploding meteor.

- i+

Other Mysterious Fragments

In the spring of 1960 Mrs. Coral Lorenzen, director of the Aerial
Phenomena Research Organization, publicly challenged the truth
of the Air Force statement that “no physical or material evidence,
not even a minute fragment of so-called ‘flying saucer’ has ever
been found.” [20] Mrs. Lorenzen announced that she had in her
possession two fragments of an extraterrestrial vehicle that had
met with disaster in’ the earth’s atmosphere. Without specifying
the date and location of the event, the identity of the witnesses,
or any corroborative details of the alleged disaster, she merely said
that several persons had witnessed the catastrophe. She went on
to assert, somewhat astonishingly, that “the gratifying aspect of this
case, however, is that we do not have to depend on the testimony
of witnesses to establish the reality of the incident for the most
advanced laboratory tests indicate that the residual material could
not have been produced through the application of any known.
terrestrial techniques.” [21]

No Case (Information Only) 10 September 1957

Pleasant Valley, New York

I: Plane Spotter Sees Circling Objects Drop "Flimsy Material"

This sighting took place on Tuesday, Sept. 10, in Pleasant Valley, N.Y. (on the
upper Delaware River in the Western Catskills.) Richard Holsapple, a self-employed
builder, saw three objects circling silently in a clear sky, "near military planes,
which took no notice of them." "Two were silvery and the other was somewhat darker,"
Said Holsapple, who is a member of the Ground Observer Corps. "It was very hard to
judge how far up they were, but they were certainly not high-flying jets. It looked

to me as though they were flying faster than anv jet I ever saw--at least 2000 miles
an hour." Holsapple's father also saw the circling UFOs,

What makes this observation noteworthy is that "he reported also that strings of
flimsy material dropped from the mystery craft and drifted earthward far away to the
south." (Source: Danbury (Conn.) News-Times, Sept. 12, 1957.)

Stee “Be ey

mined 8 palee ete 5

DATE

19
19
20

20
21
21
23
23
23
ah
2h
2k
2k
2h

24-25

26
26
27

29

29

30
30
30
30

>
Ss

Be

18 - 30 SEPTEMBER 1957 SIGHTINGS

LOCATION OBSERVER
Gresham, Oregon a
Hollis, Long Island, New York

Point Pleasant, New Jersey wT
Kadena AFB, Okinawa Military

Montauk, N.Y./Benson, Pennsylvania Military (RADAR)

San Antonio, Texas (CASE MISSING) Civilian
New Carlisle, Ohio odd RS,
Panama Canal Zone Rae,
Montezuma, Indiana aan.
Harve, Montana Military

Virginia Beach, Virginia =a

Dayton, Ohio (CASE MISSING) Civilian
Fall River, Massachusetts Paes vee
Sanderson, Texas ——
Egg Harbor, Wisconsin

Military
LRT AD

Brannif Airlines

Perrin AFB, Texas

New York, New York
Kansas City, Missourl
Washington, D. C.
West Jefferson, Ohio
Kokomo, Indians

Piqua, Ohio

Colorado Springs, Colorado
N. Turo, Massachusetts

San Antonio, Texas Military
Palm Springs, California

Los Angeles, Culifornta —-

Claremont, Calfvornia (CASE MISSING)Civilian

Cashmere, Washis:.con PRODI TET

Navy Chase, Texns Militery

ADDITIONAL REPORTED SIGHTING

SOURCE

= a? -
‘Anos science at :
“ = A \0 mS * weWwsS ond

Old Creenwich, Connecticut Newsclipping

EVALUATION

S (NOT CASES)

Insufficient Data
Balloon

ther (Hallucination)
UNIDENTIFIED

1. Equip Malfunction
2. ECM (Chaff Drop)
Astro (STARS/PLANETS)
Other (AUTO LIGHTS)
Astro (METEOR)
Aircraft

Astro (STAR)
Balloon

Balloon
Insufficient Data
Balloon

Astro (ARCTURUS)
Aircraft

Astro (METEOR)
Insufficient Data
Aircraft (BLIMP)
Aircraft

l. Aircraft

2. Astro (STARS)
Aircraft

Aircraft

Astro (METZOR)
Aircraft
Insufficient Data
Insufficient Data
Aircraft

Other (KITES)
Astro (VENUS)

EVALUATION

_—— - . ee ie

1. DATE 2. LOCATION

c Kansas City, Moe
26 S€r > ‘
3. DATE-TIME GROUP 4. TYPE OF OBSERVATION
26/10402Z Sep57 &@ Ground-Vi suel © Ground-Rodor

0 Air Visual O Air-Intercept Rader

5. TC » Se
O Yes
OxNe Civilian
7. LENGTH OF OBSERVATION 8. NUMBER OF OBJECTS | 9. COURSE
Ten to fifteen seconds Two 006 to 010°

UFOB INDEX CARD

12. CONCLUSIONS

Was Balloon
Probebly Balloon
Possibly Balloon

Was Aircraft
Probably Aircraft
Possibly Aircroft

Wes Astronomical
Probably Astronomical
Possibly Astronomical

ooo aoo 000

i
g Insufficient Dota for Evaluation
Unknown

10. BRIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING 11. COMMENTS
Two white objects withtrail. Objects Concur with Reporting Officer th t
moved from 006 degrees to 28 010 degrees in there is insufficient data for evaluati

from 10 to fifteen ceconds.

AISOP Form 5 (15 Oct $4)

CN ee Se rc ee